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LD Ch 6,
Lang, Develop. From Theory to Practice 2nd ed.
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Your baby cousin consistently produces "water" as "aaaah" when requesting a drink. This type of vocalization is termed: | Phonetically Consistent Form |
| "Talking" with your hands might potentially use which type of neuron? | Mirror Neurons |
| A twenty-month-old child learns the word "cat" and then calls all four-legged animals "cat." This type of error is categorized as which type of overextension? | Categorical Overextension |
| A child hears you utter the word "broccoli" in the presence of other foods on the table. The infant has induced its meaning from various options including "broccoli," "green," "table, and "vegetable." This problem is best described as: | Quinean Conundrum |
| You present a toddler who does not know the word "thermometer" with a thermometer, a book, and a ball. When you request the thermometer, the toddler is likely to give it to you because she knows that the ball is not called it. Which principle? | Mutual Exclusiviity |
| In a moment of frustration, the toddler you're babysitting says a "bad word." Although he has never been formally taught this word, it is a part of his lexicon and he is able to retrieve it for use. This is due to the concept of: | Fast Mapping |
| A toddler calls a "cat" a "tat." This error is due mostly to an error in the child's: | Phonological Processes |
| A reasearcher says, "What is your favorite color?" and asks the child to repeat what she has said. The child replies, "What your favorite color is?" This is an example of which linguistic task? | Elicited Imitation |
| Billy underwent a series of standardized tests that were used to determine his initial eligibility for services under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act. The tests resulted in determination of this status across developmental areas. This is? | Evaluation |
| age of mastery | the age at which most children produce a sound in an adult-like manner |
| assimilation | the process by which children change one sound in a syllable so that it takes on the features of another sound in the same syllable. A context-dependent change. Includes velar assimilation. |
| customary age of production | The age by which 50% of all children can produce a given sound in multiple positions in words in an adult-like way. |
| ecological validity | The extent to which the data resulting from an assessment or an evaluation can be extended to multiple contexts, including the child's home and day care setting. |
| fast mapping | A type of task in which the rate at which children map a new word to its referent is determined. |
| fronting | Replacement of sounds normally produced farther back in the mouth with sounds produced farther forward in the mouth. A place-of-articulation change that is not context dependent. |
| over extension | Three types of overgeneralization that children make: categorical, analogical, and relational (Ex: calling all four-legged animals, "dog" after learning the word dog, calling the moon "ball," and calling a watering can "flower," respectively.) |
| overlap | Overextension of a word in certain circumstances and underextension of the same word in other circumstances. (Ex: using the word 'candy' to refer to jelly beans band grandmother's pills (overextension) but not to chocolate bars (underextension).) |
| phonological processes | The systematic and rule governed speech patterns that characterize speech, including syllable structure changes, assimilation, place-of-articulation changes, and manner-of-articulation changes. |
| referential gestures | Gestures such as holding a fist to an ear to indicate 'telephone' or waving a hand to indicate 'bye-bye.' Used by children beginning to transition from the prelinguistic stage to the one-word stage. |
| under extension | Using words to refer to only a subset of possible referents. Ex: Using the word 'bottle' only in reference to baby bottles (not glass bottles or plastic water bottles). |
| whole object assumption | The assumption that words label whole objects and not object parts. |
| S has grown up in an low SES environment—S's mom and dad both failed to graduate from H/S & are limited in their English proficiency. S speaks only Spanish at home, but speaks English at her preschool. | Cont. |
| A SLP is evaluating her with a popular evaluation tool; however, she is concerned about the accuracy of the results because the tool is available only in English. Her concerns address which consideration for evaluation and assessment tools? | Cont. - Ecological validity - refers to the extent to which the data resulting from evaluation and assessment tools can be extended to multiple contexts, including the child's home and day care surroundings. |
| Ryan, a five-year-old child, is able to identify the letter "r." He is also very familiar with the letters "y," "a," and "n." This phenomenon is referred to as the: | Own-name advantage |
| A child begins to understand that print conveys meaning and that it has a specific function. This child is mastering which characteristic of print awareness: | Print functions |
| Adam is able to segment the word "big" into its constituent phonemes, /b/ + /I/ + /g/. He is demonstrating a deep level of: | Phonological awareness |
| Using "here" and "this" to indicate proximity to the speaker and "there" and "that" to indicate proximity to the listener are examples of which type of term? | Deictic |
| Prefixes and suffixes we add to a word to change its meaning and sometimes part of speech, such as pre–, –est, –ness, and –ly are examples of which type of morpheme? | Derivational morphology - is similar to grammatical morphology in that it modifies the structure of words. However, derivational morphology describes the prefixes and suffixes we add to a word to change its meaning and sometimes its part of speech. |
| "Mommy locked the keys in the car so she was late for work" is an example of a personal narrative featuring which type of sequence? | Causal sequence - A causal sequence unfolds following a cause-and-effect chain of events or provides a reason or rationale for some series of events |
| personal narrative, an individual shares a factual event. Fictional narrative, an individual shares an imaginary event. | Define Personal and Fictional Narrative |
| A language sample that is similar across multiple recording contexts for the same child and that accurately represents the quantity and quality of language a child is capable of producing is: | Reliable and valid |
| Define Reliable and Valid Language | - Reliable language samples are those that are similar across multiple recording contexts for the same child. Valid language samples are those that accurately represent the quantity and quality of language a child is capable of producing. |
| ___ is a screening instrument that early childhood educators can use to identify children's strengths and weaknesses in early literacy to plan instruction for the school year? | Phonological Awareness Literacy Screening—PreK (PALS–PreK) - The PALS–PreK is a screening instrument that early childhood educators can use to identify children's strengths and weaknesses in early literacy to plan instruction for the school year. |
| What are the 6 subtests the PALS-Prek measures children's knowledge of phonological awareness and print knowledge in? | Name Writing, Alphabet Recognition and Letter Sounds, Beginning Sound Awareness, Print and Word Awareness, Rhyme Awareness, and Knowledge of Nursery Rhymes. |
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brazil
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