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Chap.14,15,17
POCT,glucose monitoring, blood cultures, ABG's, etc.
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is POCT? | Point of care testing or near patient testing or bedside testing |
| What do POCT tests require? | The use of gloves |
| Types of POCT tests.. | Glucose, HgbAlC, Hemoglobin, HIV, FLU, Preganancy |
| What does HgbAlC do? | It monitors glucose level (average of sugar over past 3 months) |
| What is glucose monitoring? | Most rapid skin puncture, also with diabetic patients |
| What is Diabetes Mellitus? | A chronic disease in which pancreas cannot produce enough insulin or cannot use insulin that it does produce. |
| What is capillary used for? | Used to obtain blood for glucose testing. |
| What does SD mean? | Standard Deviation |
| Quality Controls & Disinfecting Analyzers: Person must be able to.... *OBU | 1.operate it 2.be familiar with instrument maintenance procedures 3. Understand quality assurance aspects of the instrument. |
| What are only certain phlebotomist allowed to do? | Only phlebotomist with highly extensive training can do arterial blood draws. |
| What does the blood pH determine? | It determines whether blood is too acidic or too alkaline |
| What are blood electrolyte levels referred to as? | Na, K, Cl, Ca |
| What is Hematocrit? | (Hct, packed cell volume) its different from hemoglobin |
| What is Hemoglobin? | Safer method to detect anemia. |
| Cholesterol screening.. | LDL: bad cholesterol |
| What is bleeding time? | Its done to detect bleeding disorders. |
| To do bleeding time you have to... | inflate the BP cuff to 40mm Hg for adults. |
| When are blood cultures usually collected? | When a patient has FUO (fever, unknown, origin) |
| Blood cultures are usually collected in.. | Yellow-topped tubes with ACD in it or blood culture bottles containing SPS (sodium,polanethol, sulfate) |
| What else can you use besides 70% isopropyl alcohol? | You can use an iodine tincture (chlorhexidine gluconate) to prep arm and fully cleanse all bacteria from skin. |
| Glucose Tolerance Test (GTT) What is GTT used for? | To detect any abnormal carbohydrate metabolism and diabetes mellitus. |
| For GTT tests patients are allowed.. | to drink water |
| For GTT tests you must obtain.. | a first venous fasting blood specimen |
| Postprandial Glucose test: What does postprandial mean? | Means 2 hrs later and is usually taken after patient finishes eating breakfast |
| Lactose tolerance testing is performed to.. | Determine lactose (milk,sugar) intolerance. |
| When are glucose levels tested? | After giving patient 50 grams of lactose |
| Lactose test is? | Checking glucose level |
| What are arterial blood gases? | they provide useful info about respiratory status and acid-base balance of patients with pulmonary (lungs) disease or disorders |
| What are 3 arterial puncture sites? | 1. Radial-(artery of choice) most common 2. brachal artery- second choice 3. Femoral artery- last choice |
| What is the Radial ABG procedure? | Thumb side should never be used because it has a pulse |
| What does the allen test do? | makes certain that ulnar and radial arteries are providing collateral circulation |
| What do you have to do to do the allen test? | apply pressure with thumbs to both sides of wrist while patient pumps fist |
| What side do you release first? | Ulnar side |
| what is not required for allen test? | tourniquet |
| what do you use for allen test? | A prefilled heparinized safety syringe (1 to 5mL) with usually a 20 guage is used to prevent clotting |
| ABG's are done at what angle? | 30 to 45 degrees |
| complications with arterial punctures.. | hematomas form due to pressure exerted on wall of the artery |
| 2 levels tested for therapeutic drug monitoring | 1. peak-drawn when drug should be at highest level of concentration in the serum 2. Trough- levels are at lowest drug concentration in the serum |
| Peak times vary based on.. | drug and how its given (IV, PO,etc) |
| Trough should be done... | immediately prior to next scheduled dose |
| What guideline are there for blood donor collections? | age, weight, physical condition must be followed for person to give blood |
| What is therapeutic phlebotomy? | Intentional removal of blood for therapeutic reasons and its the withdrawal of large amount of blood |
| what do blood bank specimen bands have? | Blood band ID numbers used in addition to other identifiers and include initials, date, time, and patients name |
| Toxicology specimens: 5 illicit drugs.. | 1. marijuana 2. cocaine 3. heroin 4. hallucinogens 5. inhalants |
| Fact about substance abuse.. | most addictions develop during adolescence |
| what are forensic specimens used for? | legal proceedings and criminal investigations |
| 6 forensic specimens... | 1.rectal swabs 2. saliva 3. clothing 4. sweat 5. urine 6..skin |
| what do crime laboratories analyze? | trace evidence (finger prints, hair, etc.) |
| what does CCF stand for? | custody control form |
| what is chain of custody? | process for maintaining control and accountability of each specimen from time its collected to time of disposal |
| how is specimen placed? | in a tamper-evident seal and tracked every step of the way and will indicate if container has been opened |
| random tests are used commonly in.. | safety or security sensitive jobs. (testing at unpredictable times) |
| Time to detect drugs depends on... | metabolic rate, dose of drugs, how it was taken, and cutoff concentrations used by each laboratory |
| Things tampered/added to specimens.. | 1.liquid soap 2. bleach 3. salt 4. ammonia 5. vinegar 6. baking soda |
| what is sensory examination? | checking color or odor of specimen |
| what drug is most commonly used in neonatal drug testing? | cocaine |
| What is BAC? | blood alcohol concentration |
| BAC in US is? | 0.08% or 80mg per 100mL in most states |
| nonalcoholic disinfectant used by phlebotomist is.. | providone iodine and chlorhexidine |
| variables that affect BAC are: | 1.sex 2. weight 3. amount of alcohol ingested 4. other foods ingested 5. other drugs ingested 6. time elapsed since ingestion |
| breathalyzers are most commonly used by.. | law enforcement personnel due to ease of use, less invasive, and portability. Wide variability in accuracy of measurement. |
Created by:
z_garcia
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