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Microeconomics
terms
Term | Definition |
---|---|
scarcity | the limited nature of society's resources |
economics | the study of how society manages its scarce resources |
efficiency | the property of society getting the most it can from its scarce resources |
equality | the property of distributing economic property uniformly among the members of society |
opportunity cost | whatever must be given up to obtain some item |
rational people | people who systematically and purposefully do the best they can to achieve their objectives |
marginal change | a small incremental adjustment to a plan of action |
incentive | something that induces a person to act |
market economy | an economy that allocates resources through the decentralized decisions of many firms and households as they interact in markets for goods and services |
property rights | the ability of an individual to own and exercise control over scarce resources |
market failure | a situation in which a market left on its own fails to allocate resources efficiently |
externality | the impact of one person's actions on the well-being of a bystander |
market power | the ability of a single economic actor (or small group of actors) to have a substantial influence on market prices |
productivity | the quantity of goods and services produced from each unit of labor input |
inflation | an increase in the overall level of prices in the economy |
business cycle | fluctuations in economic activity, such as employment and production |
production possibilities frontier | a graph that shows the combinations of output that the economy can possibly produce given the available factors of production and the available production technology |
microeconomics | the study of how households and firms make decisions and how they interact in markets |
macroeconomics | the study of economywide phenomena, including inflation, unemployment, and economic growth |
positive statements | claims that attempt to describe the world as it is |
normative statements | claims that attempt to prescribe how the world should be |