Help
Options
Question
Definition of Anatomy
click to flip
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't know
Question
Definition of Physiology
Remaining cards (98)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
A&P Final
Galewski's Final Exam Review
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Definition of Anatomy | The study of body structures-this includes size, shape, composition and at times colorization |
| Definition of Physiology | The study of HOW the body functions |
| Definition of Pathophysiology | The study of disorders of functioning |
| Organic Chemicals | Contain the elements Carbon, Hydrogen and Oxygen |
| Cells | Smallest living units of structure and function |
| Tissues | A group of similar cells with similar structure and function |
| 4 groups of tissues | Epithelial, connective, muscle and nerve |
| Connective Tissue | Connect and support materials |
| Contractability | When a muscle returns to regular length after contraction |
| Organs | A group of tissues arranged precisely to perform a specific function |
| Organ Systems | A GROUP of organs that all contribute to a particular function |
| Metabolism | All the chemical reactions and physical processes taking place within the body |
| Homeostasis | Ability of the body to maintain a relatively stable metabloism or to function normally despite enviromental changes |
| Meninges | The membrane that line the Cranial and Vertebral cavities covering the Brain and Spinal Cord |
| Proton | Has a positive charge and is found in the Nucleus |
| Neutron | NO CHARGE and is found in the Nucleus |
| Electron | Negative charge found outside of the Nucleus |
| Atomic Number | Number of Protons in an Atom |
| Ionic Bonds | The LOSS of one or more Electrons by one Atom and the GAIN by another Atom |
| Cation | A positively charged Ion |
| Anion | A negatively charged Ion |
| Covalent Bond | SHARING of Electrons between Atoms |
| pH | "Parts of Hydrogen" A Scale of measuring acidity and alkalinity |
| pH Scale | 0-6.9 Acid7.1-14 Base7 Neutral |
| Carbohydrates | Serve as sources of energy in cell respiration. Main food used by the body. |
| Diffusion | The movement of molecules from an area of greater concentration to an area of lesser concentration. |
| Process by which Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide are exchanged in the tissues? | Diffusion |
| Osmosis | Diffusion of water only through a selectively permeable membrane. Water will move from an area with more water to an area with less water. |
| Active Transport | Requires energy of ATP to move molecules from an area of lesser concentration to an area of higher concentration (opposite of diffusion) |
| Phinocytosis | Is a stationary cell engulfing something. |
| What will happen to a human cell if it is placed in a hypertonic solution? | Water will move out of the cell and it will shrink. |
| What will happen if a cell is placed in a hypotonic solution? | Cell will take in water (too much) and will burst. |
| Keratin | Skin's tough waterproof layer. Also makes up fingernails. |
| 3 Exocrine Glands | Sweat, Ceruminous and Arrector Pilli Glands |
| Periosteum | Fibrous covering on bones. |
| Compact Bones | Made up of Haversian System. Compact Bones carry lots of weight. |
| Spongy Bone | Cancellous Bone-looks like a "sponge" Contains Red Bone Marrow (produces RBC's) |
| Short Bones | Bones of the wrist and ankle (primarily Spongy Bone w/ Red Bone marrow thinly layered with Compact Bone) |
| Flat Bones | Ribs, shoulder blades, hips and cranial bones (primarily spongy bone w/ Red Bone Marrow thinly layered with Compact Bone) |
| Irregular Bones | Vertebrea and facial bones (primarily Spongy Bone w/ Red Bone Marrow thinly lined with Compact Bone) |
| Articular Cartilage | Joints surfaces of bones are covered with articular cartilage which provides a nice smooth surface. Has NO blood vessels (Avascular) |
| Periosteum | Covers the rest of the bone that Articular Cartilage does not. Is a fibrous connective tissue membrane. |
| Facial Bones | 14 total |
| 2 Maxilla Bones | Upper Jaw, form anterior part of the hard palate, has sockets for upper teeth. |
| Mandible | ONLY moveable facial bone, articulating with temporal bones, has sockets for lower teeth. |
| What fluid are joints filled with? | Synovial Fluid-thick and slippery to prevent friction. |
| Tendons | Made up of fibrous connective tissue, the tendon merges with the fascia which covers the muscle and made of a sheath of fibrous connective tissue-also attaches to the Periosteum which covers the bone. |
| Isotonic Contraction | Tension in the muscle reamins the same, but the length of the muscle changes. |
| Muscles that guard "passage ways" are usually called what kind of muscles? | Sphincter Muscles |
| Clotting factors such a Prothrombin and Fibrinogin are synthesixed in what organ? | The Liver |
| What Vitamin is needed for the synthesis of Prothrombin? | Vitamin K |
| Calcium is needed for the clotting process. TRUE or FALSE | TRUE |
| Fibrinolysis | As a repair begins after a blood clot, the clot is dissolved. |
| Plasma | Liquid part of blood. Clear or straw colored-7% of plasma is proteins. |
| Blood Serum | A pale yellow liquid left after a clot forms. Serum is the liquid minus the clotting elements. |
| Blood Type | Refers to the type of Antigens present on the Red Blood Cell Membrane. |
| Antigen | Any substance that produces an immune response. |
| What are the Antigens in blood? | A, B, Rh |
| 4 types of blood: | Type A-Antigens A on Red CellsType B-Antigens B on the Red CellsType AB-Antigens A and B on the Red CellsType O-Neither A or B Antigens |
| Rh factor | Another Antigen (often called D) If an Rh negative person receives Rh positive blood by mistake, antibodies will be formed. |
| Pericardium | 3 Membranes: -Fibrous-loose fiting sac over the heart -Parietal Pericarduim-membrane/lines and prevents friction as heart beats-Visceral Pericardium-surface of the heart muscle |
| Left Atrium | Recieves blood from the lungs by way of the four pulmonary veins. |
| Which carries De-Oxygenated blood? | Veins carry de-oxygenated blood, except for pulmanary vein which carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart. |
| Pulmenary Artery | Carries De-Oxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs. The only artery to carry de-oxygenated blood. |
| Pulmenary Vein | Carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium. The only vein to carry oxygenated blood. |
| Sinoatrial Node | Location : In the wall of the right atrium, just below the opening for the superior vena cava.Function: Pacemaker. Sets the basic pace for the rate, responsible for the contraction of the atria. |
| Atrioventricular Node | Location: In the right atrium bear the ventricular septum.Function: Conduction, the transpision of impulses from the SA node to the Av node and to the rest of the atrial myocardium brings about atrial systole. |
| Bundle of His (AV Bundle) | Location: Originates in the AV node and extends by two branches down Function: Conduction. Receives impulses from the AV node and transmits them to the right and left bundle branches. From the bundle branches impulses travel along purkinje fibers. |
| Purkinje Fibers | Location: Extension of the bundle of his. Extends out to the muscle walls of the ventricles.Function: Contraction of the ventricles. |
| Conduction of the Heart | Starts SA Node-AV node-Bundle of His-Purkinje Fibers. |
| Artery | Thick muscular layer, elastic, surrounded by white fibrous tissue. |
| Vein | Thins, isntead of muscle veins have valves, veins depend on skeletal muscles.Walls of veins are thinner than walls of arteries. |
| Where does the subcalvian run? | Subclavian runs under the clavical. |
| Function of Arteries | Carries Oxygenated Blood to all parts of the body. (Away from Heart.) |
| Function of Veins | Transports De-Oxygenated blood from capillaries to the heart. |
| Capillaries | Transport essential materials to and from the cells. |
| Peritoneal Fluid | Fluid within the peritoneal space. Keeps both layers of the membrane moist during breathing and digestive movements. |
| Parts of the Tooth: | Enamel-Hardest substance in the body-provides a hard chewing surfaceDentin-Forms the bulk of the tooth, Root resembles Bone in structureCementum-Bone like structure covers the Dentin of the Root |
| Epiglottis | Located above the larengeal pharynx and has a shutter or closing like action the prevents food from going into the respiratory tract. |
| Divisions of the Small Intestines | Duodenum-10 inches-Upper most part of the Small IntestinesJejunum-8 feet-Middle part of the Small IntestinesIleum-12 Feet-Bottom part of the Small Intestines90% of all digestion takes place in the Small Intestines |
| Cecum | 2-3 Inches. First prtion of the Large Intestines where the Small Intestines meets. |
| Ileocecal Valve | Prevents backflow of fecal material into the Small Intestines from the Large Intestines. |
| Where is most water absorbed? | Large Intestines |
| Ascending Colon | Right side of the abdomen |
| Transverse Colon | Horozontally (beklow the Liver and Stomach) |
| Descending Colon | Left side of the abdomen |
| Sigmoid | Below the Iliac Crest |
| Rectum | 7-8 inches |
| Purpose of the Duct System | To trtansport bile from the Liver and Gallbladder to the Duodenum |
| Hepatic Duct | Bile duct of the Liver, takes bile out of the Liver |
| Cystic Duct | From the Gallbladder, drains Gallbladder |
| Common Bile Duct | Hepatic joins Cystic Duct |
| Purpose of the Nose | To warm the air being breathed in and filter impurities |
| Nephron | Structural and functional unit of the Kidney |
| Function of Nephron | To form urine from blood plasma |
| Glomerulus | A cluster of capillaries where filtration takes place |
| Sodium and Electrolytes are normally found in urine. True or False? | FALSE |
| Nitrogenous Wates found in urine (from protein metabolism): | Urea, Uric Acid, Ammonia and Creatinine |
| Electrolytes | Mainly Sodium, Potassium, Ammonium, Chloride, Bicarbonate, Phosphate and Sulfate |
Created by:
kendrick907
Popular Nursing sets