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N112 Antidiabetics
N112 - Oral Antidiabetic Meds for unit 2 test
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Sulfonylureas action | Stimulates insulin secretion from the beta cells of the pancreas |
Sulfonylureas side effects | Hypoglycemia, gastric upset, weight gain |
Sulfonylureas administration | take 30 prior to meals |
Meglitinides action | increase insulin secretion from pancreas |
Meglitinides side effects | headache, hypoglycemia, dizziness, weight gain, flu-like symptoms |
Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors action | inhibits glucosidase enzyme (sucrose & amylase) in GI tract, delays digestion of complex carbs & simple sugars, results in delayed glucose absorption |
Alpha-flucosidase inhibitors side effects | flatulence, cramps, abdominal distention, liver dysfunction |
Alpha-flucosidase inhibitors administration | take 3 times a day with first bite of each meal |
Biguanides | often used with sulfonylurease |
Biguanides action | increases sensitivity of liver & muscles to the actions of insulin, decreased hepatic glucose production, decreases intestinal absorption of glucose, does not increase insulin secretion |
Biguanides side effects | gastric upset, lactic acidosis – fatigue, muscle pain, SOB & muscle cramps – DOES NOT cause hypoglycemia |
Biguanides secretion | primarily secreted by kidneys, good kidney function necessary to prevent lactic acidosis, avoid alcohol – increases lactate formation |
Biguanides consideration | withhold for surgery or procedures requiring iodinated contrast |
Thiazolidinediones action | decrease insulin resistance by increasing uptake of glucose by skeletal muscle, decrease production of glucose & triglycerides, increases effectiveness of circulating insulin, DOES NOT stimulate insulin secretion |
Thiazolidinediones side effects | cardiac side effects – fluid retention & weight gain, upper respiratory infection, hepatic (liver) enzyme elevation – monitor enzyme levels, assess for fluid retention |
DPP-IV (Dipeptidyl peptidase IV) Inhibitor action | prolongs the activity of proteins that increase the release of insulin after blood sugar rises (after a meal) |
DPP-IV side effects | upper respiratory tract infection, sore throat, diarrhea, hypersensitivity reactions, DOES NOT cause weight gain, assess renal function |
DDP-IV administration | can take with or without food, usual daily dosing |