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Anatomy
Radiation Therapy - Anatomy
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the function of cranial nerve 8? | Balance and hearing (Mosby, 196) |
| Which vertebra has no body? | C1 (Lazo, 246) |
| What is the junction of the ascending colon and the transverse colon called? | Hepatic flexure (Washington and Leaver, 766) |
| What is the most likely extra-abdominal site for metastasis of the pancreas? | Lung (Mosby, 162) |
| What anatomical structure is located behind the nose and extends from the posterior nares to the level of the soft palate? | Nasopharynx (Mosby, 138) |
| What are the three main lymphatic drainages of the nasopharynx? | Retropharyngeal, deep cervical, and jugulodiagastric (Van et al., 39) |
| The oropharynx starts and ends at what vertebral level? | C1 to C3 (Washington and Leaver, 722) |
| What anatomy is the most common site of disease for oropharynx malignancy? | Tonsil (Washington and Leaver, 723) |
| What anatomy is the most common site of disease for hypopharynx malignancy? | Pyriform sinuses (Washington and Leaver, 724) |
| The larynx is divided into what three regions? | Glottis, supraglottis, and subglottis (Washington and Leaver, 728) |
| The salivary glands consist of what three major glands? | Parotid, submandibular, sublingual glands (Washington and Leaver, 732) |
| The mediastinal nodes of the lungs consist of what node groups? | Superior mediastinal, tracheal, aortic, carinal and subcarinal, pulmonary ligaments (Washington and Leaver, 669) |
| From the most superficial to the deepest, what are the layers of the colon? | Serosa, muscularis, submucosa, mucosa (Washington and Leaver, 767) |
| What is the last structure of the stomach called? | Pylorus (Van et al., 115) |
| Achalasia is a disorder of what organ? | Esophagus (Washington and Leaver, 782) |
| The esophagus starts and ends at what vertebral level? | C6 to T10-T-11 (Washington and Leaver, 782) |
| What is the histological difference between the esophagus and the usual layers of bowel? | The esophagus lacks a serosa layer (Washington and Leaver, 782). |
| What are the three lymphatic drainages concerning anal cancer? | Inguinal nodes, external and internal iliac nodes, and mesenteric nodes (Van et al., 141-142) |
| What is the middle division of the small bowel called? | Jejunum (Van et al., 155) |
| The pancreas starts at what vertebral level? | L1-L2 (Van et al., 122) |
| What are the four main lymphatic drainage of pancreatic cancer? | Pancreaticoduodenal nodes, porta hepatis, suprapancreatic nodes, and paraaortic nodes (Van et al., 123) |
| The deep surface of the breast lies on what two muscles? | Pectoralis major and serratus (Van et al., 71) |
| What two nodes are mostly involved concerning Hodgkin’s lymphoma? | Cervical and supraclavicular (Van et al., 85) |
| The rectum is located between the sigmoid colon __ and the anus __. | Proximally; distally (Van et al., 133) |
| Of the paranasal sinuses, which one is most frequently involved with carcinoma? | Maxillary sinus (Van et al., 44) |
| What is the sentinel node for metastatic malignancies of the parotid? | Jugulodiagastric (Van et al., 54) |
| What is gray matter composed of? | Oligodendroglia, astrocytes, and non-dividing neurons (Van et al., 59) |
| What is white matter composed of? | Nerve fibers, axons, oligodendroglia, and supporting astrocytes (Van et al., 59) |
| Concerning CNS tumors, where is the most common infratentorial site of malignancy? | Cerebellum (Van et al., 59) |
| Which cranial nerve can be affected by an enlargement of the retropharyngeal node? | 9-12 (Washington and Leaver, 726) |
| How many pairs of nerves comes from the spinal cord? | 31 (Washington and Leaver, 749) |
| What is an epithelial membrane? | A connective tissue covered by a layer of epithelial tissue (Washington and Leaver, 917) |
| What is the basic structure of the penis? | Two corpora cavernosa and corpus spongiosum (Washington and Leaver, 839) |
| The kidney starts and ends at what vertebral level? | T11 to L3 (Washington and Leaver, 855) |
| What is the largest lymphatic organ? | Spleen (Washington and Leaver, 612) |
| What is the normal range for white blood cells? | 3.9 to 10.80 thousand/mm^3 |
| The adrenal glands are drained into what lymph node? | Paraaortic nodes (Washington and Leaver, 658) |
| Where in the lung do the transition of blood, lymphatic vessels, and nerves occur? | Hilum (Washington and Leaver, 668) |
| What anatomy is consider the outermost portion of the gynecologic tract? | Vulva (Washington and Leaver, 805) |
| What is the most common body habitus? | Sthenic habitus (Washington and Leaver, 382) |
| The ___ drains the lower body and the left side of the upper body and empties into the __. | Thoracic duct; left subclavian vein (Washington and Leaver, 385) |
| The thoracic duct begins at what vertebral level and is called what? | L2; cisterna chyli (Washington and Leaver, 386) |
| How many bones are in the skull? | 29 (Washington and Leaver, 386) |
| How many bones are in the adult vertebral column? | 33 (Washington and Leaver, 387) |
| What lymph node is also known as the spinal accessory nodes? | Posterior cervical node (Washington and Leaver, 397) |
| The rectum starts at what vertebral level? | S3 (Washington and Leaver, 405) |
| The angle of mandible is generally located at what vertebral level? | C2-C3 (Washington and Leaver, 414) |
| The umbilicus is at what vertebral level? | L4 (Washington and Leaver, 403) |
| The crest of the ilium is located at what vertebral level? | L4 (Washington and Leaver, 399) |
| Which prostate glands produces the most components of semen? | Seminal vesicles (Lazo, 216) |
| What anatomical structures is at the same level of the vallecular? | Base of tongue (Mosby, 146; Vann) |
| Which cranial nerves can be affected by an enlargement of the retropharyngeal node? | 9-12 (Washington and Leaver, 726) |
| What is the name of cranial nerve 1? | Olfactory (Mosby, 196) |
| What is the name of cranial nerve 2? | Optic (Mosby, 196) |
| What is the name of cranial nerve 3? | Oculomotor (Mosby, 196) |
| What is the name of cranial nerve 4? | Trochlear (Mosby, 196) |
| What is the name of cranial nerve 5? | Trigeminal (Mosby, 196) |
| What is the name of cranial nerve 6? | Abducens (Mosby, 196) |
| What is the name of cranial nerve 7? | Facial (Mosby, 196) |
| What is the name of cranial nerve 8? | Vestibulochlear (Mosby, 196) |
| What is the name of cranial nerve 9? | Glossopharyngeal (Mosby, 196) |
| What is the name of cranial nerve 10? | Vagus (Mosby, 196) |
| What is the name of cranial nerve 11? | Accessory (Mosby, 196) |
| What is the name of cranial nerve 12? | Hypoglossal (Mosby, 196) |
| What is the function of cranial nerve 1? | Smell (Mosby, 196) |
| What is the function of cranial nerve 2? | Vision (Mosby, 196) |
| What is the function of cranial nerve 3? | Controls eye movement (vertical); lens and pupil (Mosby, 196) |
| What is the function of cranial nerve 4? | Movement of eye (rotational) and muscle sense (Mosby, 196) |
| What is the function of cranial nerve 5? | Chewing movements; touch, pain, temperature sense of head and face (Mosby, 196) |
| What is the function of cranial nerve 6? | Movement of eye (lateral) (Mosby, 196) |
| What is the function of cranial nerve 7? | Facial expression; taste (Mosby, 196) |
| What is the function of cranial nerve 9? | Swallowing and secretion of saliva; aid in blood pressure and respiration (Mosby, 196) |
| What is the function of cranial nerve 10? | Sensations and movement of organs (talking) (Mosby, 196) |
| What is the function of cranial nerve 11? | Shoulder movement; turning of the head; movement of the viscera; voice (Mosby, 196) |
| What is the function of cranial nerve 12? | Speech and swallowing (Mosby, 196) |
| Where is cranial nerve 1 located? | In the olfactory foramina of the ethmoid (Mosby, 196) |
| Where is cranial nerve 2 located? | From the eye to the optic canal (Mosby, 196) |
| Where is cranial nerve 3 located? | In the superior orbital fissure (Mosby, 196) |
| Where is cranial nerve 4 located? | In the superior orbital fissure (Mosby, 196) |
| Where is cranial nerve 5 located? | In the superior orbital fissure (Mosby, 196) |
| Where is cranial nerve 6 located? | In the superior orbital fissure (Mosby, 196) |
| Where is cranial nerve 7 located? | In the acoustic canal through to the facial canal (Mosby, 196) |
| Where is cranial nerve 8 located? | Internal acoustic canal (Mosby, 196) |
| Where is cranial nerve 9 located? | Jugular foramen (Mosby, 196) |
| Where is cranial nerve 10 located? | Jugular foramen (Mosby, 196) |
| Where is cranial nerve 11 located? | Jugular foramen (Mosby, 196) |
| Where is cranial nerve 12 located? | Hypoglossal canal (Mosby, 196) |
| What is the sentinel node for metastatic malignancies of the vulva? | Inguinal nodes (Mosby, 175) |
| What is the usual lymphatic spread of cervical cancer? | Parametrial, pelvic, common iliac, periaortic, and supraclavicular nodes (Mosby, 177) |
| What are the sentinel nodes for metastatic malignancies of the endometrium? | Internal and external iliac nodes (Mosby, 179) |
| Which lymph nodes drains the lip? | Submental, submaxillary, and jugulodiagastric (Van et al., 8) |
| The false vocal cord is located __ to the glottis. | Lateral (Van et al., 19) |
| What abnormal spinal curvature is associated with the vertebral column being convex posteriorly? | Kyphosis (Washington and Leaver, 389) |
| Which gland produces tears? | Lacrimal gland (Washington and Leaver, 392) |
| What is the anatomy of the Adam’s apple? | Thyroid notch (Washington and Leaver, 397) |
| What is another name for the left supraclavicular node? | Virchow’s node |
| What is another name for the internal iliac node? | Hypogastric node (Washington and Leaver, 408) |
| The hyoid bone is at what vertebral level? | C4 (Washington and Leaver, 408) |
| What vertebra is the first prominent spinous process in the posterior neck? | C7 (Washington and Leaver, 394) |
| The common iliac node lie at what vertebral level? | L4 (Washington and Leaver, 408) |
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benxiong86
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