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Medical Terminology

Units 7 & 8

Question	Answer
Gall Bladder	The reservoir for bile on the posteroinferior surface of the liver.
Cystic Duct	The duct through which bile from the gall bladder passes into the common bile duct.
Common Bile Duct	The duct formed by the juncture of the cystic and hepatic ducts.
Hepatic Duct	Bile drains from the liver into the hepatic duct.
Ampulla of Vator	The dialation formed by the juncture of the pancreatic and bile ducts as they open into the lumen of the duodenum.
Sphincter of Oddi	A band of muscle fibers around the lower end of the common bile and pancreatic duct.
Biliary Calculi	Stones in the biliary system.
Cholangitis	Inflammation of the bile duct.
Cholecystitis	Inflammation of the gall bladder.
Cholecystolithiasis	Presence of stones in the gall bladder.
Cholelith	Gall stone.
Cholelithiasis	Presence of stones in the gall bladder.
Cholecystogram	Gall bladder examination.
Exams of the biliary system	ERCP(Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography), Cholangiogram, Oral Cholecystogram (rarely done due to ultrasound).
Submandibular Gland	One of a pair of round, walnut-sized salivary glands in the submandibular triangle, the gland that secretes both mucus and a thinner serous fluid, which aid the digestive process.
Sublingual Gland	One of a pair of small salivary glands situated under the mucous membrane of the floor of the mouth, beneath the tongue. The sublingual gland secretes mucous produced by its alveoli.
Parotid Gland	One of the largest pairs of salivary glands that lie at the side of the face just below and in front of the external ear.
Cardiac Orifice	Where the esophagus meets the stomach.
Fundus of the Stomach	A cul-de-sac of the stomach that lies above the level of the cardiac orifice.
Greater Curvature	The outer (larger) external curvature of the stomach (in AP view).
Lesser Curvature	The inner (smaller) internal curvature of the stomach (in AP view).
Body of the Stomach	The large central portion of the stomach.
Pylorus	The funnel shaped terminal portion of the stomach where most digestion takes place.
Rugae	Interior lining of the stomach shaped into numerous macrospic longitudinal folds.
Pyloric Sphincter	Where the pylorus narrows to form the duodenal portion of the small intestine.
Duodenal Cap (Bulb)	The first part of the superior portion of the duodenum.
Duodenum	The shortest, widest, and most fixed portion of the small intestine.
Jejunum	The middle of the three portions of the small intestines.
Ileum	The lower-third distal portion of the small intestine; extends from the jejunum to the cecum.
Ileo-cecal Valve	Where the ileum empties into the cecum.
Cecum	A pouchlike structure or cul-de-sac constituting the first part of the large intestine.
Appendix	A wormlike blunt process extending from the cecum.
Ascending Colon	Extends from the cecum to the lower border of the liver and turns abruptly to form the hepatic flexure.
Transverse Colon	Colon proceeding transversly to the left and curves beneath the lower end of the spleen to form the splenic flexure.
Descending Colon	Colon proceeding downward (inferiorly) until it becomes sigmoid colon in the pelvis.
Sigmoid Colon	Extends from the descending colon in the pelvis to the juncture of the rectum.
Rectum	Lower part of the large intestine; continuous with the descending sigmoid colon, proximal to the anus.
Colic	Spasmatic pains in the abdomen.
Colitis	Inflammation of the colon.
Diaphragmatic Hernia	Hernia through the diaphragm.
Diverticula	Outpouching of the wall of an organ (pleural).
Duodenitis	Inflammation of the duodenum.
Enteritis	Inflammation of the intestine.
Gastritis	Inflammation of the stomach.
Hiatal Hernia	Hernia through the esophageal opening of the diaphragm.
Ileitis	Inflammation of the Ileum.
Megacolon	Abnormally distended colon.
Ulcer	Lesion of the mucous surface of the alimentary canal.
Ulcerative Cholitis	Inflammation and widespread ulcers in the colon.
Anastomosis	Surgical, traumatic, or pathological formation of an opening between two normally distant spaces or organs.
Intussusception	Prolapse of one segment of bowel into the lumen of another segment. This kind of intestinal obstruction may involve segments of the small intestine, the colon, or the terminal ileum and cecum. It occurs most often in infantsand small children and is cha
Exams of the Digestive System	Barium Swallow, Gastro-Intestinal Series (UGI), Small Bowel Series (SBFT), Barium Enema, Sialography, (rarely done due to CT and MRI)
Kidney	Two organs in the lumbar region that filter the blood, excreting the end products of body metabolism in the form of urine.
Pelvis	Funnel shaped expansion of the upper end of the ureter into which the renal calices open.
Calices	One of the recesses of the pelvis of the kidney (a cup shaped organ).
Renal Cortex	The outer part of the substance of the kidney (outer layer of the organ).
Poles of the Kidney	(Upper Pole, Lower Pole) Either end of an axis through the length of a kidney.
Ureter	One of a pair of tubes, about 30 cm. long, that carries urine from the kidney into the bladder.
Bladder	A muscular membranous sac in the pelvis that stores urine for discharge through the urethra.
Urethra	Membranous canal through which urine is discharged from the bladder to the exterior of the body.
Prostate	A gland surrounding the neck of the bladder and urethra of the male; it contributes a secretion to the semen.
Bladder Diverticulum	Outpouching of the bladder wall.
Cystitis	Inflammation of the bladder.
Horseshoe Kidney	Congenital malformation of the kidney.
Incontinence	Inability to control discharge of urine (urination).
Lipoma	Fatty Tumor.
Liposarcoma	Malignant fatty tumor.
Megabladder	Enlarged bladder.
Nephritis	Disease of the kidney characterized by inflammation and abnormal function.
Nephrolithiasis	Disorder characterized by the presence of renal calculi (kidney stones).
Nephrolithotomy	The surgical removal of renal calculi.
Nephromagaly	Extreme hypertrophy of one or both kidneys.
Nephroptosis	Downward displacement of kidneys.
Perirenal Abscess	Abscess surrounding the kidney.
Polycystic kidney	Multiple cysts of kidney(s).
Prostatism	Chronic disease of the prostate gland.
Prostatitis	Acute or chronic inflammation of the prostate gland, usually the result of an infection.
Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy (BPH)	Nonmalignant noninflammatory enlargement of the prostate, most common in men over 50 years of age. BPH is usually progressive and may lead to urethral obstruction and may lead to interference with urine flow, urinary frequency, and urinary tract infectio
Pyelitis	Inflammation of the renal pelvis.
Renal Hypertrophy	Overgrowth of the kidney.
Ureterostenosis	Narrowing of the ureter.
Exams of the urinary system	Intravenous Pyelogram (IVP), Cystogram, Voiding Cystourethrogram, Retrograde Urethrogram.
Etiology and causes	The study of the cause or origin of disease or disorder. Causes: Metabolic (diabetes) Infections (measles, mumps) Congenital (cleft lip) Hereditary (hemophilia) Environmental (burns, trauma) Neoplastic (cancer)
Diagnosis	Establishing the cause and nature of a disease.
Prognosis	The prediction of the course of the disease and its probable outcome.
Idiopathic	Any disease whose cause is unknown.
Crohn's disease	Inflammatory condition of the intestinal tract, most commonly the ileum. Distinguished by its inflammatory pattern.
Dyspepsia	Gastric indigestion or "upset stomach."
Dysphagia	Inability or difficulty in swallowing.
Emesis	Vomiting
Hematemesis	Vomiting blood
Pyloric Stenosis	Narrowing of the gastric pylorus.
Anoxia, Hypoxia	Absence of deficiency of oxygen in tissues.
Asphyxia	Insufficient oxygen, literally means "without pulse."
Atelectasis	Collapse of alveoli; incomplete expansion of the lung.
Pleural Effusion	Accumulation of fluid in the intrapleural spaces of the lungs.
Pulmonary Edema	Excessive fluid in the lungs.
Arrythmia	Irregularity in heart action.
Edema	Condition where body tissues contain an excess of tissue fluid.
Hypertension	On separate occasions, blood pressure is higher than normal.
Fibrilation	Quivering or spontaneous muscle contractions.
Infarct	Tissue that undergoes necrosis after loss of blood supply.
Ischemia	Local and temporary deficiency of blood supply.
Thrombus, Thrombi	Blood clot that obstructs a vessel.
Claudication	Lameness, limping
Uremia	Metabolic waste (urea, creatinine, and uric acid) in the blood.
Fistula	Abnormal passage from hallow organ to the surface, or from one organ to another.
Lethargy	Abnormal activity or lack of response to normal stimuli.
Syncope	Fainting
Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA)	Temporary interference with blood supply to the brain lasting from a few minutes to a few hours.
Dyspnea	Difficulty breathing.
Tachycardia	Rapid heart action.
Bradycardia	Slow heart action.
Tachypnea	Rapid breathing.

Created by: Legend70

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