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AP HGeo Unit 7
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Ethnicity | Refers to a group of people who share a common identity. 1st came into pop. usage during the 1940's as an alternative to the term "race" includes a person's perceived social & cultural identity |
| Ethnic Provinces | When entire regions become associated with ethnic/racial aggregations. (ex: french Canadians in Quebec, African Americans in us southeast, native Americans in Okla, southwest, northern plains and prairies, & Hispanics in the southwestern border states) |
| Diaspora | Ppl who come from a common ethnic background but live in different regions or ethnic neighborhoods. (ex: jews or blacks). Often illustrates itself through music, food, or religious traditions that allow ppl to celebrate heritage outside of culture region. |
| Ethnic Islands | Small rural areas settled by 1 ethnic group. Formed in US by Scandinavians, Germans, Slavics, Armenians, and Italians. Leaves imprints on society through housing, barn style, & farmstead layouts. |
| Charter Group | The 1st ethnic group to establish cultural norms in an area. Also called "first effective settlement" & "first self-perpetuating society". Eastern areas in us are influenced by GB, while SW has Spanish influence. |
| Syncretism | The development of a new cultural trait as a result of the fusion of two distinct but interacting cultures. Huge factor in cultural change as authentic cultural traits are modified to make them more appealing to receiving societies. |
| Ethnic Enclaves | A relatively small area occupied by a distinct culture or ethnicity, which largely result from chain migration. Ease the adaptation process by providing business opportunities, community, and cultural items and traditions from home such as food & clothes |
| Social Distance | Measure of the perceived differences between an immigrant ethnic group and the charter or hose society. Increases w/ greater perceived differences between groups, diminishing the likelihood of the charter group assimilating the new comers. |
| Ethnic Neighborhoods | Concentrations of people from the same ethnicity in certain pockets of the city. Result from friends & relatives who have immigrated, encouraging friends and relatives back home to join them where opportunities or freedom are more available. |
| Ethnic Cleansing and Genocide | Cleansing involves the effort to rid a country or region of everyone of a particular ethnicity either through forced migration or genocide. Genocide is a premeditated effort to kill everyone from a particular ethnic group. |
| Triangular Slave Trade | an efficient triangular trading pattern. ships left Europe for Africa with cloth and other trade goods, used to buy the slaves. They then transported slaves and gold from Africa to the western hemisphere, then carried sugar & molasses to Europe. |
| Race | identity with a group of people who share a biological ancestor. comes from the french word for generation |
| Racism | the belief that race is the primary determinant of human traits and capacities and that racial differences produce an inherent superiority of a particular race |
| Racist | a person who subscribes to the beliefs of racism |
| Apartheid | The physical separation of different races into different geographic areas. |
| Nationality | identity with a group of people who share legal attachment and personal allegiance to a particular country. |
| Self-determination | the concept that ethnicity have the right to govern themselves. |
| nation-state | a state whose territory corresponds to that occupied by a particular ethnicity that has been transformed into a nationality. |
| Nationalism | loyalty and devotion to a nationality |
| centripetal force | an attitude that tends to unify people and enhance support for a state |
| multi-ethnic state | a state that contains more than one ethnicity. |
| multinational state | contains two ethnic groups with tradition of self-determination that agree to coexist peacefully by recognizing each other as distinct nationalities. |
| Ethnic cleansing | a process in which a more powerful ethnic group forcibly removes a less powerful one in order to create an ethnically homogeneous region. |
| Balkanized | used to describe a small geographic area that could not successfully be organized into one or more stable states because it was inhabited by many ethnicities with complex, long standing antagonisms toward each other. |
| Balkanization | the process by which a state breaks down through conflicts among its ethnicities-as a threat to peace throughout the world, not just in a small area. |
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