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Nursing 132
IV fluid administration
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Dehydration sometimes produces | hypo-tension and tachycardia |
| Fluid overload often results | in hypertension and bounding pulses |
| sites to exclude for very young and older adult (these patients have fragile veins and this site may be easily bumped) | The dorsal surface of the hand Areas of venous valves or bifurcation |
| sites to exclude | infected site redness, tenderness, warmth at site/presence of exudate.Veins on ventral surface of the wrist,Veins in the antecubital fossa (bend)sites distal to previous vein puncture site (insertion needs to be proximal to compromise area) |
| ISOTONIC | have the same osmolality as body fluids and are used most often to replace extracellular (intravascular) volume (e.g., simple dehydration after prolonged vomiting) |
| HYPO-TONIC | have an osmolality less than body fluids and are used most often to hydrate cells (e.g., hypertonic dehydration, required water replacement) |
| HYPER-TONIC | have an osmolality greater than body fluids and are used most often to increase extracellular fluid volume (e.g., replace electrolytes, treat shock) |
| Potassium chloride should never be given by | IV push or added to a small volume of IV solution. |
| Potassium chloride is administered | orally or as a premixed IV additive by pharmacy or the manufacturer in a larger volume of IV fluids. |
| Verify that the patient has adequate renal perfusion (i.e., at least 30 mL/hr urine output for adults) before administering | IV fluids containing potassium chloride. |
| Infusion of blood products requires a | blood administration set, which contains an in-line filter. |
| Dextrose 5% in water* Isotonic D5W Dextrose 10% in water Hyper-tonic D10W Dextrose 50% in water Hyper-tonic D50W | |
| Saline Solutions 0.45% sodium chloride (half normal saline) 0.33% sodium chloride (one-third normal saline) 0.9% sodium chloride† (normal saline) 3% sodium chloride 5% sodium chloride | Hypo tonic ½ NS, 0.45% NS Hypo tonic ⅓ NS Isotonic NS, 0.9% N, S 0.9% NaCl Hyper tonic 3% NS |
| Catheter Size (gauge)14, 16, 18 20 22 | 14,16,18 Trauma, surgery, blood transfusion 20Cont. or intermittent infusions,blood transfusion 22Continuous or intermittent infusions, children and elderly patients; administration of blood or blood products in pediatrics and neonates |
| catheter size 24-26 Butterfly needle (scalp vein needle) | 24-26Fragile veins for intermittent or continuous infusions; administration of blood or blood products in pediatrics or neonates butterfly-Administration of IV fluids in infants |
| solution given rapidly needs to be infused with | macro drip tubing, which delivers large drops (standard drop size is 10 or 15 gtt per mL, depending on the manufacturer). |
| Tourniquets are used to reduce | venous return and cause distention in the veins where an IV catheter will be inserted |
| The veins of older patients are more fragile, and therefore a _________ __________ ________ may be used instead. | blood pressure cuff |
| In infants, ______ _____ may be used because they are smaller than tourniquets. | rubber bands |
| Because tourniquets can be a source of contamination, ________ ______ products are preferred. | single-use |
| A 40-year-old patient is to have an IV started per-operatively. Which catheter would be most appropriate for this patient? | 16- to 18-gauge |
| The use of the _______ for an IV site is common with children but is contraindicated in adults because of the danger of thrombophlebitis. | foot |
| 18 gauge Adult patient scheduled for major surgery 22 gauge Older adult requiring IV medications butterfly Infant requiring IV fluids 20 gaugeYoung adult requiring fluid maintenance |
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