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8th SS 1Sem Rev
8th SS 1st Semester Review
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| the first permanent English settlement, founded in 1607 | Jamestown |
| Date the Declaration of Independence was signed | July 4, 1776 |
| Year the Constitution of the U.S. was written | 1787 |
| Year that President Thomas Jefferson purchased the Louisiana Territory from France | 1803 |
| The first shots of the American Revolution were fired here | Lexington, Massachusetts |
| the turning point of the American Revolution | Battle of Saratoga |
| The British defeat at _____________ by George Washington's troops signaled the end of the American Revolution. | Yorktown, Virginia |
| an economic theory that a country's strenght is measured by the amount of gold it has, that a country should sell more than it buys and that the colonies exist for the benefit of the Mother Country | mercantilism |
| a tax on goods brought into a country | tariff |
| a tax placed on goods from another country to protect the home industry | protective tariff |
| a system of government in which voters elect representatives to make laws for them | representative government |
| a nation in which voters choose representatives to govern them | republic |
| the first representative assembly in the New World | House of Burgesses |
| the Legislative, Executive, and Judicial | Three Branches of Government |
| a system set up by the Constitution in which each branch of the federal government has the power to check, or control, the actions of the other branches | checks and balances |
| the freedom of private businesses to operate competitively for profit with minimal government regulation | free enterprise |
| the sharing of power between the states and the nationl government | federalism |
| a system in which each branch of government has it's own powers | separation of powers |
| means to change | amend |
| rights that cannot be given up, taken away or transferred such as life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness | unalienable rights |
| a cruel and unjust government | tyranny |
| a from of government that is run for and by the people, giving people the supreme power | democracy |
| means to approve by vote | ratify |
| the right of the Supreme Court to judge laws passed by Congress and determine whether they are constitutional or not | judicial review |
| supporters of the Constitution who favored a strong national government | federalists |
| people opposed to the Constitution, preferring more power be given to the state governments than to the national government | antifederalists |
| the original records of an event including eyewitnesss reports, records at the event, speeches, and letters, photographs, or artifacts | primary soruces |
| the later writings and interpretations of historians and writers like textbooks and articles | secondary sources |
| an attitude toward society in the late 1700s based on the belief that the good virtue and morality of the people was essential to sustain the republican form of government | republicanism |
| signed in 1215 by William and Mary of England, was the first document that limited power of the ruler | Magna Carta |
| protected the rights of English citizens and became the basis for the American bill of Rights | English Bill of Rights |
| was a document written by Thomas Jefferson, declaring the colonies independence from England | the Declaration of Independence |
| was the first American constitution, was a very weak document that limited the power of teh Congress by giving states the final authority over all decisions | Articles of Confederation |
| sets out the laws and principles of the government of the United States | Constitution of the United States |
| advised the United States to stay "neutral in its relations with other nations" and to avoid "entangling alliances" | Geroge Washington's Farewell Address |
| ended the French and Indian War and effectively kicked the French out of North America | Treaty of Paris of 1763 |
| ended the American Revolution and forced Britain to recognized the United States as an independent nation | Treatyof Paris of 1783 |
| was policy of establishing the principles and procedures for the orderly expansion of the United States | Northwest Ordinance |
| was the agreement signed in 1620 by the Pilgrims in Plymouth, to consult each other about laws for the colony and a promise to work together to make it succeed | Mayflower Compact |
| were a series of essays written by James Madison, John Jay, and Alexander Hamilton, defending the Constitution and the principles on which the government of the U.S. was founded | Federalist Papers |
| a pamphlet written by thomas Paine to convince colonists that it was time to become independent from Britain | Common Sense |
| the first ten amendments to the Constitution and detail the protection of individual liberties | Bill of Rights |
| created two houses of Congress, one based on population, the other gave equal representation to each state | Great Compromise |
| was a member of the Sons of Liberty who started the Committee of Correspondence to stir public support for American independence | Sam Adams |
| was an inventor, statesman, diplomat, signer of the Declaration of Independence and delegate to the Constitutional Convention | Ben Franklin |
| was the king of England who disbanded the colonial legislatures, taxed the colonies, and refused the Olive Branch Petition leading to the final break with the colonies | King George III |
| wrote the Declaration of Independence; became the 3rd President of the United States and purchased the Louisiana territory, doubling the size of the United States | Thomas Jefferson |
| wrote pamphlets like Common sense and The Crisis to encorage American independence and resolve | Thomas Paine |
| was the leader of the Continental Army who became the first President of the United States | George Washington |
| was a leader of the Federalists, first Treasurer of the United States, creator of the Bank of the U.S., and killed in a duel by the Vice President of the United States, Aaron Burr | Alexander Hamilton |
| was a passionate patriot who became famous for his fiery speeches in favor of American independence, most famous quote included the words, "Give me liberty or give me death!: | Patrick Henry |
| is considered to be the "Father of the Constitution" | James Madison |
| was the 1803 Court decision that gave the Supreme Court the right to determine whether a law violates the Constitution, set up the principle of judicial review | Marbury v. Madison |
Created by:
Alan Gillespie
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