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The body loses heat by a combination of what five processes?
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What is the normal average body temperature for an adult?
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Chapter 24
Vital Signs and Measurements
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The body loses heat by a combination of what five processes? | Convection, Conduction, Radiation, Evaporation, and Elimination |
| What is the normal average body temperature for an adult? | 98.6 degrees fahrenheit or 37.0 degrees celsius. |
| Define afebrile. | absence of fever |
| Define febrile. | fever is present |
| Define pyrexia. | Fever |
| Why are mercury thermometers no longer used? | The mercury is dangerous to fetuses and the environment due to its toxicity. |
| What types of thermometers are available for use in the ambulatory care setting? | Disposable, digital, electronic, tympanic, glass, temporal artery |
| What is the thermometer of choice for pediatric patients older than 2 years? | Tympanic |
| What factors can cause a tympanic temperature reading to be inaccurate? | impacted cerumen or otitis media |
| What type of thermometers should always be separated? | oral and rectal. |
| What are the sites that can be used to detect pulse rates? | radial, carotid, brachial, temporal, femoral, popliteal, dorsalis pedis, apical |
| Define arrhythmia. | Abnormal rhythms of the pulse when either a beat is skipped or occurs sooner than expected. |
| What is the normal pulse rate for a newborn? | 130-160 bpm |
| What is the normal pulse rate for an infant? | 110-130 bpm |
| What is the normal pulse rate for a child between 1-7 years old? | 80-120 bpm |
| What is the normal pulse rate for a child older than 7 years? | 80-90 bpm |
| What is the normal pulse rate for an adult? | 60-80 bpm |
| Define bradycardia. | Pulse rate less than 60 bpm. |
| Define tachycardia. | Pulse rate greater than 100 bpm. |
| Define PVC | Premature Ventricular Contraction |
| Define eupnea. | Normal respiratory rate. |
| What is the normal respiratory rate for an infant? | 30-60 rpm |
| What is the normal respiratory rate for a child 1-7 years old? | 18-30 rpm |
| What is the normal respiratory rate for an adult? | 12-20 rpm |
| Define apnea. | The temporary complete absence fo breathing. |
| How is sleep apnea treated? | Weight loss and CPAP |
| What is narcolepsy? | sleep disorder that causes patients to have daytime sleeping while driving, eating, or sitting in a movie theater. |
| Define tachypnea. | respiratory rate greater than 40 rpm |
| Define bradypnea. | a decrease in the number of respirations |
| Define Cheyne-Stokes. | a regular pattern of irregular breathing rate. |
| Define hypoventilation. | respiration is decreased in rate and shallow in depth |
| Define hyperventilation. | a type of breathing in which the amounts of oxygen drawn in during inspiration are greatly increased, resulting in a decrease in the amount of blood carbon dioxide. |
| Asthma, pulmonary embolism or edema, and acute anxiety are associated with what respiratory disorder. | hyperventilation |
| Define rales: | rattling sounds heard during inspiration and expiration when the lung passageways contain secretions. |
| Define rhonchi. | sounds similar to snoring usually produced by a rattle in the throat. |
| Define wheezes. | high pitched musical sounds heard on expiration. |
| Asthma and emphysema are usually associated with what type of breath sound? | Wheezes |
| Define systole. | The force exerted on the arterial walls during cardiac contraction. |
| Define diastole. | The force exerted during cardiac relaxation. |
| What is the sound heard during phase I of measuring blood pressure. | a sharp tapping sound. |
| What is the sound heard during phase II of measuring blood pressure? | a soft swishing sound |
| What is the sound heard during phase III of measuring blood pressure? | a rhythmic tapping sound |
| What is the sound heard during phase IV of measuring blood pressure? | a muffling and fading of the tapping sounds. |
| What is the sound heard during phase V of measuring blood pressure? | all sounds disappear. |
| What two things must be kept in mind when measuring blood pressure? | patient comfort and accuracy. |
| What is the normal blood pressure for a newborn? | 50-52/25-30 |
| Normal blood pressure for a child 6 years? | 95/62 |
| Normal blood pressure for a child 10 years? | 100/65 |
| Normal blood pressure for an adolescent 16 years? | 118/75 |
| Normal blood pressure for an adult? | Systolic less than 120, Diastolic less than 80 |
| Prehypertension | 120-139/80-89 |
| High blood pressure | Above 140/90 |
| What are the four types hypertension. | primary or essential, secondary, benign, and malignant. |
| What is the range of blood pressure for hypertension stage 2? | greater than 160/100 |
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