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spine special tests
thoracic and lumbar spine special tests
| Special Test | How it's done | Positive Sign | What it's for |
|---|---|---|---|
| Kernig/Brudzinski | SLR until pain in back or leg is felt, then flex knee.Brudzinski-if no pain during slr, elongate spinal cord by passively flexing the cervical spine (chin to chest) and doin the test over | pain felt in spine and possibly radiate to lower extrem, pain is relieved w/ knee flexion.Brudzinski-same pain but with neck flxion | Herniated Disk, Dural Sheath Irritation |
| Well straight leg raising test | straight leg raise on UNINVOLVED leg, passive hip flexion until point of pain | pain felt on opposite leg | Herniated Disk |
| Straight leg Raise | passively flex hip until point of pain (70 deg.), lower leg 10 deg. (takes away pain), DF foot (increases pain-neural) | low back pain prior to 70 deg. | Herniated Disk, Sciatic Irritation |
| Slump Test | seated on end of table, slump forward, passively flex neck, actively extend 1 knee, actively dorsiflex foot | sciatic pain or reproduction of other neurological symptoms | Sciatic Nerve Involvement |
| Tension Sign/ Bowstring Test | passively SLR until pain, flex knee (symptoms decrease), apply pressure to popliteaal fossaa | symptoms return w/ pressure | Sciatic Nerve Involvement |
| Femoral Nerve stretch test | sidelying, passively extend hip w/ knee flexed at 90 | pain, numbness, tingling down ant./ lat. thigh | Nerve Root Impingement |
| Stork/ Single leg stance test | balance on one leg, extend spine back | pain in back | Spondylolysis/Spondylolistesis |
| Hoover test | cup calcaneus of each leg, patient attemps to slr on involved side | patient does not attempt to lift the leg and examiner does not feel uninvolved leg press down against hand | malingering (faking it) |
| Babinski test | blunt object run along lateral plantar aspect of foot from heel to great toe | great toe extends and other toes abduct and PF | brain or spinal cord trauma |
| Oppenheim test | run fingernail along crest of athlete's tibia | great toe extends and other toes abduct and PF | brain or spinal cord trauma |
| Beever's Sign | have patient perform modified sit-up | movement of umbilicus | Thoracic Nerve INhibition |
| Valsalva test | hold deep breath, blows into closed hand (simulating bowel movment or coughing-increaseing intrathecal pressure) | increased spinal pain | Herniated Disk |
| Milgram | ask patient to lift heels off table 2-6 inches for 30 seconds | can not hold or lift legs or experiences pain w/ test.( causes disk to place pressure on lumbar nerve root) | Herniated Disk |
Created by:
jocbutch
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