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Pharm
Pharm Final Review - SPC
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the Diuretic Drugs? | Lasix, Mannitol, and Diamox |
| Lasix | Diurectic, Fast onset, Loss Potassium, Loss hydrogen ions = promotes Metabolic ALKALOSIS |
| Mannitol | Osmotic diuretic, slow, spares electrolytes, tx of head trauma |
| Diamox | Diuretic promote Metbolic ACIDOSIS |
| Sedative/Hypnotic/Narcotic drugs | Haldol, Dilantin, Campazine, Versed, Diprivan, Ativan, Morphine Sulfate, Demerol, Narcan |
| Haldol | good for DTs, and highly agitated states |
| Dilantin | anti-epileptic, good to prevent seizures |
| Compazine | antiemetic = tx of nausea |
| Versed | short acting sedative/hypnotic, excellent for short term memory block |
| Dipravan | sedative/hypnotic, dose dependent, Used as drip for continuous sedation, Fast onset, quick recovery |
| Ativan | anti-anxiety, PREOP |
| Valium | anticonvusant to tx occuring seizure |
| Morphine Sulfate | Narcotic analgesic. Relax Smooth Muscles surrounding Bl. Vessels which drops preload and may drop BP. Can result in bronchospasm by releasing histamine. Constipation. Reduce drive to breath by lowering sensitivity to CO2 |
| Demerol | narcotic analgesic, 50 mg standard dose |
| Narcan | antidote for narcotic and barbiturate overdose |
| Non-narcotic Analgesic Drugs | ASA(Asprin), COX 2 |
| ASA(Asprin) | avoid w/viral symptoms(fever, side aches, may worsen Asthma by dropping PGE levels) |
| COX 2 inhibitors | For Pain - analgesic |
| Anticholinergic Drugs | Atrovent(Ipratropium Bromide), and Spiriva(Tiotropium Bromide) |
| Atrovent(Ipratropium Bromide) | as a solution the dose is 0.5mg and available as MDI. Not w/soy or peanut allergy |
| Spiriva(Tiotropium Bromide) | DPI, long lasting, 24-36 hrs. QDay |
| What do Anticholinergics do? | Promotes bronchodilation in the LARGER airways by preventing parasympathetic response(bronchoconstriction)because it is an antagonist action on the M3 receptor. Avoid Mask w/all anticholinergics due to eye problems due to dilation of pupils |
| Combo Meds | Advair DPI, DuoNeb, Combivent |
| Advair DPI | slow onset, maintenence med, slow onset sympathomimetic with steroid |
| DuoNeb | solution is anticholinergic Atrovent(Ipratropium Bromide)w/ sympathomimetic Albuterol Sulfate |
| Combivent | MDI version of DuoNeb, NOT with soy/peanut allergies |
| Glucocorticoids | stops all inflammation, takes hours for onset. Enhances and promote Beta response. Problems - Promotes Metabolic ALKALOSIS, mood swings, fat deposits, hair growth, atrophy of adrenal gland |
| Leukotrienes (LT) inhibitors | reduce/prevent inflammation response due to asthma. Singulair(Montelukast)LT receptor antagonist |
| How do Anticholinesterase Meds work | act by promoting AE by inhibiting acetylcholinesterase, the enzyme which breaks down AE. Tensilon to dx Myasthesia Gravis |
| Sympathetic Nervous System | A1 = Vasoconstriction, B1= positive INO and CHRONO, B2= relax smooth musc. to dilate airways. c3'5'AMP = smooth muscle relax which causes airway dilation and phosphodiesterase reduces c3'5' to c5'AMP which stops muscle relax |
| Sympathomimetic Meds | Racemic Epi, Albuterol Sulfate, Xopenex, Brovana, Foradil(formoterol) |
| Action of Sympathomimetics? | Meds work in SMALLER airways by stim of B2 which relaxes Smooth muscles around airways. Solutions should be clear, if not = oxidation and not administered b/c bronchospasm |
| Racemic Epinephrine | fast catacholamine, A1, B1, B2 agonist. Dose = 0.5ml for airway edema |
| Albuterol Sulfate (Ventolin, Proventil) | 5mg/ml - onset up to 15 minutes |
| Xopenex | racemic albuterol, pure R isomer, 2 strengths, lower B1 activity = Lower tachycardia and less B2 effects which = lower occurence tremor |
| Brovana | long lasting 12 hr sympathomimetic |
| Foradil(formoterol) | DPI, long lasting 12 hours |
| Mucolytics | Mucomyst(n-acetylcysteine) and Pumozyme(Dornase alpha) |
| Mucomyst(n-acetylcyteine) | disrupts mucus viscosity and elasticity, airway irritant. Re-Eval 3-5 days, 96hrs after opening toss |
| Pulmozyme(Dornase Alpha) | Lysis DNA of infectious mucus(pneumonia), purulent secretions. Refrigerate. Toss if cloudy. HCW do not breathe |
| Methylxanthines | Relax smooth muscles to prevent bronchoconstriction, improves contraction and endurance of diaphragm. Anti-inflammatory effects beneficial in tx asthma. Cause arrhythmias, nausea, seizure. Aminophylline is methylxanthine |
| Lidocaine | Given w/bronchoscopy cna cause methemoglobinemia, used to tx PVC. IV drip |
| Dobutrex | + INO, improves stroke V by B1 stim |
| Digitalis | + INO, improves stroke V by promoting fee Ca+ for contraction |
| Nitrates | Vasodilators reduce Pre-load and Afterload while improving coronary perfusion by dilation of coronary arteries |
| Dopamine | High dose = vasopressor for tx low BP(shock)Low dose = diuretic |
| How do Anticholinesterase Meds work | act by promoting AE by inhibiting acetylcholinesterase, the enzyme which breaks down AE. Tensilon to dx Myasthesia Gravis |
| Sympathetic Nervous System | A1 = Vasoconstriction, B1= positive INO and CHRONO, B2= relax smooth musc. to dilate airways. c3'5'AMP = smooth muscle relax which causes airway dilation and phosphodiesterase reduces c3'5' to c5'AMP which stops muscle relax |
| Sympathomimetic Meds | Racemic Epi, Albuterol Sulfate, Xopenex, Brovana, Foradil(formoterol) |
| Action of Sympathomimetics? | Meds work in SMALLER airways by stim of B2 which relaxes Smooth muscles around airways. Solutions should be clear, if not = oxidation and not administered b/c bronchospasm |
| Racemic Epinephrine | fast catacholamine, A1, B1, B2 agonist. Dose = 0.5ml for airway edema |
| Albuterol Sulfate (Ventolin, Proventil) | 5mg/ml - onset up to 15 minutes |
| Xopenex | racemic albuterol, pure R isomer, 2 strengths, lower B1 activity = Lower tachycardia and less B2 effects which = lower occurence tremor |
| Brovana | long lasting 12 hr sympathomimetic |
| Foradil(formoterol) | DPI, long lasting 12 hours |
| Mucolytics | Mucomyst(n-acetylcysteine) and Pumozyme(Dornase alpha) |
| Mucomyst(n-acetylcyteine) | disrupts mucus viscosity and elasticity, airway irritant. Re-Eval 3-5 days, 96hrs after opening toss |
| Pulmozyme(Dornase Alpha) | Lysis DNA of infectious mucus(pneumonia), purulent secretions. Refrigerate. Toss if cloudy. HCW do not breathe |
| Methylxanthines | Relax smooth muscles to prevent bronchoconstriction, improves contraction and endurance of diaphragm. Anti-inflammatory effects beneficial in tx asthma. Cause arrhythmias, nausea, seizure. Aminophylline is methylxanthine |
| Lidocaine | Given w/bronchoscopy cna cause methemoglobinemia, used to tx PVC. IV drip |
| Dobutrex | + INO, improves stroke V by B1 stim |
| Digitalis | + INO, improves stroke V by promoting fee Ca+ for contraction |
| Nitrates | Vasodilators reduce Pre-load and Afterload while improving coronary perfusion by dilation of coronary arteries |
| Dopamine | High dose = vasopressor for tx low BP(shock)Low dose = diuretic |
| How do Anticholinesterase Meds work | act by promoting AE by inhibiting acetylcholinesterase, the enzyme which breaks down AE. Tensilon to dx Myasthesia Gravis |
| Sympathetic Nervous System | A1 = Vasoconstriction, B1= positive INO and CHRONO, B2= relax smooth musc. to dilate airways. c3'5'AMP = smooth muscle relax which causes airway dilation and phosphodiesterase reduces c3'5' to c5'AMP which stops muscle relax |
| Sympathomimetic Meds | Racemic Epi, Albuterol Sulfate, Xopenex, Brovana, Foradil(formoterol) |
| Action of Sympathomimetics? | Meds work in SMALLER airways by stim of B2 which relaxes Smooth muscles around airways. Solutions should be clear, if not = oxidation and not administered b/c bronchospasm |
| Racemic Epinephrine | fast catacholamine, A1, B1, B2 agonist. Dose = 0.5ml for airway edema |
| Albuterol Sulfate (Ventolin, Proventil) | 5mg/ml - onset up to 15 minutes |
| Xopenex | racemic albuterol, pure R isomer, 2 strengths, lower B1 activity = Lower tachycardia and less B2 effects which = lower occurence tremor |
| Brovana | long lasting 12 hr sympathomimetic |
| Foradil(formoterol) | DPI, long lasting 12 hours |
| Mucolytics | Mucomyst(n-acetylcysteine) and Pumozyme(Dornase alpha) |
| Mucomyst(n-acetylcyteine) | disrupts mucus viscosity and elasticity, airway irritant. Re-Eval 3-5 days, 96hrs after opening toss |
| Pulmozyme(Dornase Alpha) | Lysis DNA of infectious mucus(pneumonia), purulent secretions. Refrigerate. Toss if cloudy. HCW do not breathe |
| Methylxanthines | Relax smooth muscles to prevent bronchoconstriction, improves contraction and endurance of diaphragm. Anti-inflammatory effects beneficial in tx asthma. Cause arrhythmias, nausea, seizure. Aminophylline is methylxanthine |
| Lidocaine | Given w/bronchoscopy cna cause methemoglobinemia, used to tx PVC. IV drip |
| Dobutrex | + INO, improves stroke V by B1 stim |
| Digitalis | + INO, improves stroke V by promoting fee Ca+ for contraction |
| Nitrates | Vasodilators reduce Pre-load and Afterload while improving coronary perfusion by dilation of coronary arteries |
| Dopamine | High dose = vasopressor for tx low BP(shock)Low dose = diuretic |
| How do Anticholinesterase Meds work | act by promoting AE by inhibiting acetylcholinesterase, the enzyme which breaks down AE. Tensilon to dx Myasthesia Gravis |
| Sympathetic Nervous System | A1 = Vasoconstriction, B1= positive INO and CHRONO, B2= relax smooth musc. to dilate airways. c3'5'AMP = smooth muscle relax which causes airway dilation and phosphodiesterase reduces c3'5' to c5'AMP which stops muscle relax |
| Sympathomimetic Meds | Racemic Epi, Albuterol Sulfate, Xopenex, Brovana, Foradil(formoterol) |
| Action of Sympathomimetics? | Meds work in SMALLER airways by stim of B2 which relaxes Smooth muscles around airways. Solutions should be clear, if not = oxidation and not administered b/c bronchospasm |
| Racemic Epinephrine | fast catacholamine, A1, B1, B2 agonist. Dose = 0.5ml for airway edema |
| Albuterol Sulfate (Ventolin, Proventil) | 5mg/ml - onset up to 15 minutes |
| Xopenex | racemic albuterol, pure R isomer, 2 strengths, lower B1 activity = Lower tachycardia and less B2 effects which = lower occurence tremor |
| Brovana | long lasting 12 hr sympathomimetic |
| Foradil(formoterol) | DPI, long lasting 12 hours |
| Mucolytics | Mucomyst(n-acetylcysteine) and Pumozyme(Dornase alpha) |
| Mucomyst(n-acetylcyteine) | disrupts mucus viscosity and elasticity, airway irritant. Re-Eval 3-5 days, 96hrs after opening toss |
| Pulmozyme(Dornase Alpha) | Lysis DNA of infectious mucus(pneumonia), purulent secretions. Refrigerate. Toss if cloudy. HCW do not breathe |
| Methylxanthines | Relax smooth muscles to prevent bronchoconstriction, improves contraction and endurance of diaphragm. Anti-inflammatory effects beneficial in tx asthma. Cause arrhythmias, nausea, seizure. Aminophylline is methylxanthine |
| Lidocaine | Given w/bronchoscopy cna cause methemoglobinemia, used to tx PVC. IV drip |
| Dobutrex | + INO, improves stroke V by B1 stim |
| Digitalis | + INO, improves stroke V by promoting fee Ca+ for contraction |
| Nitrates | Vasodilators reduce Pre-load and Afterload while improving coronary perfusion by dilation of coronary arteries |
| Dopamine | High dose = vasopressor for tx low BP(shock)Low dose = diuretic |
| Oxygen | Acts to dilate pulmonary vascular bed lowering PVR and reduce work of R heart |
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mac6672
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