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APHG test study
Chapter 12 and 13
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Basic industries | Industries that sell their products or services primarily to consumers outside the settlement. |
| Business services | Services that primarily meet the needs of other businesses, including professional, financial, and transportation services. |
| Central place | A market center for the exchange of services by people attracted from the surrounding area. |
| Central place theory | Explains the distribution of services based on the fact that settlements serve as centers of market areas for services; larger settlements are fewer & father apart than smaller settlements & provide services for more people, willing to travel farther. |
| Consumer services | Businesses that provide services primarily to individual consumers, including retail services and education, health and leisure services. |
| Economic base | A community's collection of basic industries. |
| Enclosure movement | The process of consolidating small landholding into a smaller number of larger farms in England during the 18th century. |
| Gravity model | Holds that the potential use of a service at a particular location is directly related to the number of people in a location and inversely related to the range of the service. |
| Nonbasic industries | Industries that sell their products primarily to consumers in the community. |
| Primate city | The largest settlement in a country, if it has more than twice as many people as the second-ranking settlement. |
| Primate city rule | A pattern of settlements in a country such that the largest settlement has more than twice as many people as the second-ranking settlement. |
| Public services | Services offered by the government to provide security and protection for citizens and business. |
| Range(of a service) | The maximum distance people are willing to travel to use a service. |
| Rank-size rule | A pattern of settlements in a country such that the nth largest settlement is 1/n the population of the largest settlement. |
| Threshold | The minimum number of people needed to support a service. |
| Annexation | Legally adding land area to a city in the United States. |
| Census tract | An area delineated by the U.S. Bureau of the Census for which statistics are published, in urban areas, census tract correspond roughly to neighborhoods. |
| Central business district(CBD) | The area of a city where retail and office activities are clustered. |
| Combined statistical area (CSA) | In the U.S., two or more contiguous core-based statistical areas tied together by commuting patterns. |
| Concentric zone model | A model of the internal structure of cities in which social groups are spatially arranged in a series of rings. |
| Core base statistical area (CBSA) | In the United States, the combination of all metropolitan statistical areas and micropolitan statistical areas. |
| Council of goverment | A cooperative agency consisting of representatives of local governments in a metropolitan area in the United states. |
| Density gradient | The change in density in an urban area from the center to the periphery. |
| Edge city | A large node of office and retail activities on the edge of an urban area. |
| Filtering | A process of change in the use of a house, from single-family owner occupancy to abandonment. |
| Food desert | An area in a developed country where healthy food is difficult to obtain. |
| Gentrification | A process of converting an urban neighborhood from a predominantly low-income. renter-occupied to a predominantly middle class, owner-occupied. |
| Greenbelt | A ring of land maintained as parks, agriculture or other types of open space to limit the sprawl of an urban area. |
| Megalopolis | A continuous urban complex in the northeastern United States. |
| Multiple nuclei model | A model of the internal structure of cities in which social groups are arranged around a collection of nodes of activities. |
| Peripheral model | A model of North American urban areas consisting of an inner city surrounded by large suburban residential and business areas tied together by a beltway or ring road. |
| Primary census statistical area (PCSA) | In the United States, all of the combined statistical areas plus all of the remaining metropolitan statistical areas and micropolitan statistical areas. |
| Public housing | Housing owned by the government; in the United States, it is rented to residents with low incomes, and the rents are set at 30% of the families' income. |
| Redlining | A process by which banks draw lines on a map and refuse to lend money to purchase or improve property within the boundaries. |
| Rush hour | The four consecutive 15-minute periods in the morning and evening with the heaviest volumes of traffic. |
| Sector model | A model of the internal structure of cities in which social groups are arranged around a series of sectors, or wedges, radiation out from the CBD. |
| Smart growth | Legislation and regulations to limit suburban sprawl and preserve farmland. |
| Social area analysis | Statistical analysis used to identify where people of similar living standards, ethnic background, and lifestyle live within an urban area. |
| Sprawl | Development of new housing sites at relatively low density and at locations that are not contiguous to the existing built-up area. |
| Squatter settlement | An area within a city in a less developed country in which people illegally establish residences on land they do not own or rent and erect homemade structures. |
| Zoning ordinance | A law that limits the permitted uses of land and maximum density of development in a community. |
Created by:
Heavenleighallen
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