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Phonetics Final
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| omission of a phoneme during speech production | Elision |
| The overlapping of the articulators during speech production. Time efficient process. | coarticulation |
| the process whereby phonemes take on the phonetic character of neighboring sounds | assimilation |
| variant production of a phoneme | allophone |
| two types of assimilation | 1. regresssive 2. progressive |
| occurs when the identity of a phoneme is modified due to a phoneme following it. Also known as right-to-left or anticipatory assimilation. | regressive assimilation |
| occurs when a phoneme's identity changes as the result of a phoneme preceding it in time. also called left-to-right or perseverative assimilation. | progressive assimilation |
| the addition of a phoneme to the production of a word | epenthesis |
| Epenthesis can be the result of: | 1. coarticulation 2. variation in production 3. speech disorders |
| the transposition of a sound in a word. "slip of the tongue" | metathesis |
| the full form of a vowel becomes more like the mid-central "shwa" when spoken in connected speech. Also occurs when vowel changes sound when word gets added on to. | vowel reduction |
| modifications that span entire syllables, words, phrases and sentences - stress, timing, intonation. Affect an entire utterance, not just one phoneme | suprasegmentals |
| stressed syllables have 3 components: | 1. louder 2. longer 3. higher pitch |
| the word that get stressed usually: | 1. level of importance of the word in the sentence. 2. the speaker's intent of the message being conveyed |
| words containing salient information in a sentence | content words |
| content words: | nouns,verbs, adjectives, adverbs |
| less important words in a sentence | function words |
| the use of sentence stress to indicate a speaker's particular intent | contrastive stress |
| two types of information provided during a conversation: | 1. given info 2. new info |
| type of information in a sentence that receives the stress | new information |
| modification of voice pitch | intonation |
| change in fundamental frequency that span the length of a meaningful utterance | intonational phrase |
| syllable that receives the greatest pitch change in any particular intonational phrase | tonic syllable or nuclear syllable |
| accompany complete statements and commands and are indicative of the finality of an utterance | falling intonational phrases |
| usually indicates some uncertainty on the speaker's part. typical of questions and incomplete thoughts | rising intonational phrases |
| term used to describe the durational aspect of connected speech. 5 - 5.5 syllables per second. also determined by pauses located between syllables, words, phrases and sentences | tempo |
| vowels preceding voiceless consonants are shorter than the vowels preceding voiced consonants | |
| term used to indicate the way in which syllables and words are linked together in connected speech | juncture |
| term given to a pause that connects two intonational phrases | external juncture |
| includes all disorders involving speech sound production | phonological disorder |
| evaluation of articulation errors | misarticulations |
| error involving the replacement of one phoneme by another | substitution |
| error involving the deletion of a phoneme | omission |
| error involving the production of an allophone of the intended phoneme | distortion |
| error involving the insertion of an extra phoneme in a word | addition |
| when there are several types of errors, it may be more efficient to evaluate the client's speech in terms of error patterns | |
| nasals and stops acquired first, glides, fricatives, liquids, affricates | |
| idea that young children are born with innate processes necessary for the production of speech | natural phonology |
| young children are not capable of producing adult speech patterns, they often simplify the adult form | phonological processes |
| phonological process categories: | 1. syllable structure 2. substitution 3. assimilatory |
| phonological process: affect the production of syllables so that they are simplified | syllable structure process |
| phonological process that involves the omission of an unstressed syllable preceding or following a stressed syllable - can be common in adult production | weak syllable deletion |
| phonological process that reduces a syllable to an open syllable | final consonant deletion |
| phonological process involving the repetition of a syllable of a word | reduplication |
| phonological process results in the deletion of a consonant from a consonant cluster | cluster reduction |
| process involving the replacement of one class of phonemes for another | substitution process |
| involves the substitution of a stop for a fricative or affricate | stopping |
| involves the substitution of an alveolar phoneme for a velar or palatal articulation | fronting |
| occurs when a child substitutes a fricative for an affricate | deaffrication |
| involves a substitution of the glides for the liquids | gliding |
| involves the substitution of a vowel for postvocalic /l/ or /r/ | vocalization |
| involve an alteration in phoneme production due to phonetic environment. may be progressive or regressive | assimilatory process |
| occurs when a nonlabial phoneme is produced with a labial place of articulation due to the presence of a labial phoneme elsewhere | labial assimilation |
| occurs when a nonalveolar phoneme is produced with an alveolar place of articulation due to the presence of an alveolar phoneme elsewhere in the word | alveolar assimilation |
| occurs when a nonvelar phoneme is produced with a velar place of articulation due to the presence of a velar phoneme elsewhere in the word | velar assimilation |
| involves voicing of a normally unvoiced consonant | prevocalic voicing |
| involves a phoneme "assimilating to the silence" | devoicing |
| processes that children with disordered phonology display that aren't found in the speech of typically developing children | idiosyncratic processes |
| idiosyncratic processes: | 1. glottal replacement 2. backing 3. initial consonant deletion 4. stops replacing a glide 5. fricatives replacing a stop |
| the substitution of a glottal stop for another consonant | glottal replacement |
| the substitution of a velar stop consonant for consonants usually produced more anterior in the oral cavity. | backing |
| the omission of a single consonant at the beginning of a word | initial consonant deletion |
| the substitution of a stop for a glide | stops replacing glides |
| the substitution of a fricative for a stop | fricatives replacing stops |
| child's sound system is evaluated independently with no reference to a given standard. shows what a child is doing/ CAN do | independent analysis |
| focus is to help nonstandard speakers of English reduce their accents to be more intelligible | accent reduction |
Created by:
rccraun
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