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Metabolism

Aerobic, anaerobic, proteins and lipids

QuestionAnswer
Aerobic Respiration breakdown of glucose in the presence of O2 to produce CO2, H2O, 36/38 ATP
Phases of Aerobic Respiration Glycolysis, Transition Reaction, Kreb's Cycle, Electron Transport Chain
Glycolysis Requires ATP. Doesn't need O2. Cell lysis glucose (6 carbon) to pyruvate (3 carbon). H removed and slowly accepted by NAD.
Site of Glycolysis Cytoplasm
Glycolysis Yield Yields 2 ATP (2 in, 4 out). FINAL YIELD = 2 atp, 2 nadh, 2 pyruvate
Transition Rxn Needs O2.
Site of Transition Rxn Matrix of mitochondria
Transition Rxn Yield 0 atp, H removed, accepted by NAD. 2 carbons removed. FINAL YIELD = 2 coenzyme A, 2 NADH, 2 CO2
Kreb's Cycle Needs O2. 2 ATP produced by Substrate Phosphorylation. 4 carbons removed. H accepted at various stages by NAD and FAD.
Site of Kreb's Cycle Matrix of mitochondria
Kreb's Cycle Yield FINAL YIELD = 2 atp, 6 nadh, 2 fadh2, 4 co2
Electron Transport Chain Needs O2. 32/34 ATP produced by Oxidative Phosphorylation. H is transferred from NADH and FADH2 in first 3 stages to electron acceptor in mitochondria. Electrons from H rel. energy from one energy level to the next. Low energy electrons accepted by O2.
Site of Electron Transport Chain Cristae of mitochondria
Electron Transport Chain Yield 32/34 ATP. NADH = 3 ATP, FADH2 = 2 ATP. Sometimes NADH is reduced yielding 32 instead of 34 ATP.
Anaerobic Respiration Breakdown of glucose in the absence of O2.
Phases of Anaerobic Respiration Glycolysis (2 atp, 2 nadh, 2 pyruvic acid), Lactic acid converted from pyruvic acid
Anaerobic Respiration Yield FINAL YIELD = 2atp, 2 nadh, 2 lactic acid
Conversion of lactic acid Lactic acid goes to the liver, where it undergoes the Kreb's Cycle to be reconverted into pyruvic acid
Lipid Metabolism Triacylglycerol -> glycerol + fatty acid. glycerol --glycolysis--> Acetyl CoA. fatty acids --Beta oxidation--> Acetyl CoA which enters Kreb's Cycle. Acetyl CoA can be used to produce Ketone bodies (keto acids).
Protein Metabolism New AA formed by transamination. AA are used to syntehsize proteins. AA can be used as energy but NH3 and Keto acids are produced.
Transamination Transfer of an amine group to a keto acid.
Glycogenesis Formation of glycogen from glucose
Lipogenesis Formation of lipids from glucose and amino acids
Glycogenolysis Breakdown of glycogen to glucose
Gluconeogenesis Formation of glucose from amino acids and glycerol
Metabolic States Absorptive, Postabsorptive
Absorptive State nutrients are used as energy or stored
Postabsorptive State Stored nutrients are used for energy
Structure of Glucose C6 H12 O6
Created by: schung
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