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Medical Terminology

Chapter 14: Special Topics

Term	Definition
aer/o	air
bucc/o	cheek
chem/o	drug
cutane/o	skin
derm/o	skin
enter/o	intestine
hal/o	to breathe
iatr/o	physician, medicine, treatment
idi/o	distinctive
lingu/o	tongue
muscul/o	muscle
or/o	mouth
pharmac/o	drug
rect/o	rectum
thec/o	sheath (meninges)
topic/o	a specific area
toxic/o	poison
vagin/o	vagina
ven/o	vein
amnes/o	forgetfulness
anxi/o	fear, worry
chondr/o	cartilage
compuls/o	drive, compel
deluss/o	false belief
depress/o	to press down
electr/o	electricity
factiti/o	artificial, contrived
hallcuni/o	imagined perception
klept/o	steal
ment/o	mind
obsess/o	besieged by thoughts
path/o	disease
ped/o	child
pharmacy/o	drug
phob/o	irrational fear
phren/o	mind
psych/o	mind
pyr/o	fire
schiz/o	split
soci/o	society
somat/o	body
somn/o	sleep
cry/o	cold
cutane/o	skin
electr/o	electric current
erg/o	work
habilitat/o	ability
hydr/o	water
my/o	muscle
orth/o	straight, correct
phon/o	sound
physic/o	body
prosthet/o	addition
therm/o	heat
anter/o	front
fluor/o	fluorescence, luminous
later/o	side
nucle/o	nucleus
poster/o	back
radi/o	ray (X-ray)
roentgen/o	X-ray
son/o	sound
tom/o	to cut
alges/o	pain
aspir/o	to breathe in
cis/o	to cut
cry/o	cold
cutane/o	skin
dilat/o	to widen
electr/o	electricity
esthes/o	sensation, feeling
hal/o	to breathe
hem/o	blood
later/o	side
lith/o	stone
recumb/o	to lie back
sect/o	to cut
specul/o	to look at
tenacul/o	to hold
topic/o	a specific area
ven/o	vein
bi/o	life
blast/o	primitive cell
carcin/o	cancerous
chem/o	drug
cyt/o	cell
immune/o	protection
lapar/o	abdomen
laps/o	to slide back
miss/o	to send back
morbid/o	ill
mort/o	death
mutat/o	to change
onc/o	tumor
path/o	disease
radic/o	root
radi/o	rays (X-rays)
tox/o	poison
anti-	against
contra-	against
in-	inward
intra-	within
para-	near, beside
pro-	before
sub-	under
trans-	through
an-	without
anti-	against
auto-	self
bi-	two
de-	without
dis-	apart
ex-	outward
hyper-	excessive
hypo-	below
in-	not
ultra-	beyond
re-	again
trans-	across
ultra-	beyond
an-	without
dis-	apart
endo-	within
in-	inward
intra-	within
peri-	around
post-	after
pre-	before
re-	again
sub-	under
en-	inward
hyper-	excessive
in-	inward
neo-	new
re-	again
-al	pertaining to
-ary	pertaining to
-genic	produced by
-ic	pertaining to
-ical	pertaining to
-ist	specialist
-logy	study of
-phylaxis	protectition
-al	pertaining to
-ar	pertaining to
-ia	state, condition
-iatrist	physician
-iatry	medical treatment
-ic	pertaining to
-ism	state of
-logical	pertaining to the study of
-logist	one who studies
-logy	study of
-mania	frenzy
-orexia	appetite
-ous	pertaining to
-philia	attracted to
-therapy	treatment
-tic	pertaining to
-al	pertaining to
-ar	pertaining to
-graphy	process of recording
-ic	pertaining to
-ior	pertaining to
-logist	one who studies
-logy	study of
-lucent	to shine through
-opaque	nontransparent
-scopy	process of visually examining
-al	pertaining to
-graphy	process of recording
-ic	pertaining to
-nomics	pertaining to laws
-ous	pertaining to
-phoresis	carrying
-therapy	treatment
-tic	pertaining to
-al	pertaining to
-ia	state, condition
-ic	pertaining to
-ist	specialist
-logist	one who studies
-logy	study of
-otomy	to cut into
-ous	pertaining to
-scopic	pertaining to visually examining
-stasis	standing still
-stat	standing still
-al	pertaining to
-gen	that which produces
-genic	producing
-logic	pertaining to studying
-logist	one who studies
-logy	study of
-oma	tumor
-opsy	to view
-otomy	to cut into
-plasia	growth, formation
-plasm	growth, formation
-therapy	treatment
pharmacology	the study of the origin, characteristics, nature, properties and effects of drugs on living organism
brand name	name a pharmaceutical company chooses as trademark or market name for its drug; also called proprietary or trade name
chemical name	name for a drug based on its chemical formula or molecular structure
generic name	recognized and accepted official name for a drug; each drug has only one generic name; this name is not subject to trademark, so any pharmaceutical manufacturer may use it; also nonproprietary name
nonproprietary name	recognized and accepted official name for drug; each drug has only one generic name, which is not subject to trademark, so any pharmaceutical manufacturer may use it; also called generic name
pharmaceutical	related to medications or pharmacies
pharmacist (RPh or PharmD)	receives drug requests made by physicians, and gathers pertinent information that would affect dispensing of certain drugs, reviews patients' medications for drug interactions, provides healthcare workers with information regarding drugs, & educates publi
proprietary name	name a pharmaceutical company chooses as trademark or market name for its drug; also called brand or trade name
trademark	pharmaceutical company's brand name for drug
controlled substancese	drugs that have potential for being addictive (habit forming) or can be abused
drug enforcement agency (DEA)	government agency that enforces regulation of controlled substances
over-the-counter drug (OTC)	drugs accessible in drugstores without prescription; also called nonprescription drugs
prescription	written explanation to pharmacist regarding name of medication, dosage, and times of administration
prescription drugs	drug that can only be ordered by licensed physician, dentist, or veterinarian
aerosol	drugs inhaled directly into nose and mouth
buccal	(1.) pertaining to cheeks; (2.) drugs that are placed under lip or between cheek and gum
eardrops	substance placed directly into ear canal for purpose of relieving pain or treating infection
eyedrops	substance placed into eye to control eye pressure in glaucoma; also used during eye examinations to dilate pupil of eye for better examination of interior eye
inhalation	(1.) to breathe air into lungs; also called inspiration; (2.) to introduce drugs into body by inhaling them
oral	(1.) pertaining to mouth; (2.) administration of medication through mouth
parenteral	route for introducing medication other than through gastrointestinal tract; most commonly involves injection into body through needle and syringe
rectal	(1.) pertaining to rectum; (2.) substances introduced directly into rectal cavity in form of suppositories or solution; drugs may have to be administered by this route if patient is unable to take them by mouth due to nausea, vomiting, and surgery
sublingual (SL)	(1.) pertaining to under tongue; (2.)administration of medicine by placing it under tongue
suppositories (suppose)	method for administering medication by placing it in substance that will melt after being placed in body cavity, usually rectally, and release medication
topical	applied directly to skin or mucous membranes; distributed in ointment, cream, or lotion form used to treat skin infections and eruptions
transdermal	route of drug administration; medication coats underside of patch applied to skin ; medication is then absorbed across skin
vaginal	(1.) pertaining to vagina; (2.) tablets and suppositories inserted vaginally and used to treat vaginal yeast infections and other irritations
abnormal psychology	study and treatment of behaviors outside of normal and detrimental to person or society; these maladaptive behaviors range from occasional difficulty coping with stress, to bizarre actions and beliefs, to total withdrawal
clinical psychologist (PhD)	diagnoses and treats mental disorders; specializes in using individual and group counseling to treat patients with mental and emotional disorders
normal psychology	behaviors that include how personality develops, how people handle stress, and stages of mental development
psychology	study of human behavior and thought process; behavioral science is primarily concerned with understanding how human beings interact with their physical environment and with each other
psychiatric nurse	nurse with additional training in care of patients with mental, emotional, and behavioral disorders
psychiatric social worker	social worker with additional training in care of patients with mental, emotional, or behavioral disorders
psychiatrist (MD or DO)	physician with specialized training in diagnosing and treating mental disorders; prescribes medication and conducts counseling
psychiatry	branch of medicine that deals with the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of mental disorders
occupational therapy (OT)-	assists patients to regain, develop, and improve skills that are important for independent functioning; occupational therapy personnel work with people who, because of illness, injury, developmental, or psychological impairments, require specialized
training in skills that will enable them to lead independent, productive, and satisfying lives; occupational therapists instruct patients in use of adaptive equipment and techniques, body mechanics, and energy conservation; also employ modalities	such as heat, cold, and therapeutic exercises
physical therapy (PT)	treating disorders using physical means and methods; physical therapy personnel assess joint motion, muscle strength and endurance, function of heart and lungs, and performance of activities required in daily living, along with other responsibilities;
physical therapy treatment includes gait training, therapeutic exercises, massage, joint and soft tissue mobilization, thermal and cryotherapy, electrical stimulation, ultrasound, and hydrotherapy; methods strengthen muscles, improve motion	and circulation, reduce pain, and increase function
anesthesia	partial or complete loss of sensation with or without loss consciousness as a result of drug, disease, or injury
anesthesiologist	physician who has specialization in practice of administering anesthetics
benign	not cancerous; benign tumor is generally not progressive or recurring
malignant	tumor that is cancerous; tumors are generally progressive and recurring
oncology	branch of medicine dealing with tumors
protocol (prot)	actual plan of care, including medications, surgeries, and treatments for care of patient; often entire healthcare team, including physician, oncologist, radiologist, nurse, and patient, will assist in designing treatment plan
tumors	abnormal growth of tissue that may be benign or malignant; also called neoplasm
pathologist	physician who specializes in evaluating specimens removed from living or dead patients
staging and M refers to presence of metastases of tumor cells	process of classifying tumors based on degree of tissue invasion and potential response to therapy; TNM staging system is frequently used; T refers to tumor's size and invasion, N refers to lymph node involvement,
addiction	acquired dependence on a drug
additive	sum of the action of tow (or more) drugs given. In this case, the total strength of the medications is equal to the sum of the strength of each individual drug
antidote	substance that will neutralize poisons or their side effects
broad spectrum	ability of a drug to be effective against a wide range of microorganisms
contraindication	condition in which a particular drug should not be used
cumulative action	action that occurs in the body when a drug is allowed to accumulate or stay in the body
drug interaction	occurs when the effect of one drug is altered because it was taken at the same time as another drug
drug tolerance	decrease in susceptibility to a drug after continued use of the drug
habituation	development of emotional dependence on a drug due to repeated use
iatrogenic	usually an unfavorable response resulting from taking a medication
idiosyncrasy	unusual or abnormal response to a drug or food
placebo The effect of the placebo versus the drug is then observed	inactive, harmless substance used to satisfy patient's desire for medication. This also used in research when given to a control group of patients in a study in which another group receives a drug.
potentiation	giving a patient a second drug to boost (potentiate) the effect of another drug. The total strength of the drugs is greater than the sum of the strength of the individual drugs.
prophylaxis	prevention of disease. For example, an antibiotic can be used to prevent the occurrence of a disease
side effect	response to a drug other than the effect desired. Also called and adverse reaction
tolerance	development of a capacity for withstanding a large amount of a substance, such as food, drugs, or poison, without any adverse effect. A decreased sensitivity to further doses will develop
toxicity	extent or degree to which a substance is poisonous
unit dose	drug dosage system that provides prepackaged, prelabeled, individual medications that are ready for immediate use by the patient
anxiety disorders	characterized by persistent worry and apprehension
panic attacks	feeling of intense apprehension, terror, or sense of impending danger
anxiety	feeling of dread in the absence of a clearly identifiable stress trigger
phobias	irrational fear, such as arachnophobia, or fear of spiders
obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)	performing repetitive rituals to reduce anxiety
cognitive disorders	deterioration of mental functions due to temporary brain or permanent brain dysfunction
dementia	progressive confusion and disorientation
Alzheimer's disease	degenerative brain disorder with gradual loss of cognitive abilities
mental retardation	subaverage intellectual functioning
attention-deficit/hyperactivity (ASHD)	inattention and impulsive disorder
autism	condition involving deficits in social interaction, communication skills, and restricted patterns of behavior
dissociative disorders	disorders in which severe emotional conflict is so repressed that a split in the personality may occur or the person may loss memory
amnesia	loss of memory
dissociative identity disorder	having two or more distinct personalities
anorexia nervosa	refusal to eat
bulimia	binge eating and intentional vomiting
Factitious disorders	intentionally feigning illness symptoms in order to gain attention
malingering	pretending to be ill or injured
impulse control disorder	inability to resist an impulse to perform some act that is harmful to the individual or others
kleptomania	stealing
pyromania	setting fires
explosive disorders	violent rages
pathological gambling	inability to stop gambling
mood disorders	characterized by instability in mood
major depression	feelings of hopelessness, helplessness, worthlessness; lack of pleasure in any activity; potential for suicide
mania	extreme elation
bipolar disorder (BPD)	alternation between periods of deep depression and mania
personality disorders	inflexible or maladaptive behavior patterns that affect a person's ability to function in society
paranoid personality disorder	exaggerated feelings of persecution
narcissistic personality disorder	abnormal sense of self-importance
antisocial personality disorder	behaviors that are against legal or social norms
passive aggressive personality	indirect expression of hostility or anger
Schizophrenia	mental disorders characterized by distortions of reality
delusion	a false belief held even in the face of contrary evidence
hallucination	perceiving something that is not there
sexual disorders	disorders include aberrant sexual activity and sexual dysfunction
pedophilia	sexual interest in children
masochism	gratification derived from being hurt or abused
voyeurism	gratification derived from observing other engaged in sexual acts
sleeping disorders	disorders relating to sleeping
insomnia	inability to sleep
sleepwalking	getting up and walking around unaware while sleeping
somatoform disorders	patient has physical symptoms for which no physical disease can be determined
hypochondria	a preoccupation with health concerns. Named for the location of the liver and spleen, below the rib cartilage. The ancient Greeks thought these organs controlled moond
conversion reaction	anxiety is transformed into physical symptoms such a heart palpitations, paralysis or blindness
substance-related disorders	overindulgence or dependence on chemical substances including alcohol, illegal drugs, and prescription drugs
Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) It is not effective with disorders other than depression, such as schizophrenia and alcoholism.	procedure occasionally used for cases of prolonged major depression. This controversial treatment involves placement of an electrode on one or both sides of the patient's head and a current is turned on briefly causing a convulsive seizure.
	A low level of voltage is used in modern electroconvulsive therapy, and the patient is administered a muscle relaxant and anesthesia. Advocates of this treatment state that it is a more effective way to treat severe depression than using drugs.
psychopharmacology	study of the effects of drugs on the mind and particularly the use of drugs in treating mental disorders. The main classes of drugs for the treatment of mental disorders are:
antipsychotic drugs by reducing patient agitation and panic and shortening schizophrenic episodes. One of the side effects of these drugs is involuntary muscle movements, which approximately one-fourth of all adults who take the drugs develop	major tranquilizers include chlorpromazine (Thorazine), haloperidol (Haldol), clozapine (Clozaril), and risperidone. These drugs have transformed the treatment of patients with psychoses and schizophrenia
antidepressant drugs they can produce unpleasant side effects such as dry mouth, weight gain, blurred vision, and nausea	classified as stimulants and alter the patient's mood by affecting levels of neurotransmitters in the brain, Antidepressants, such as serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors, are nonaddictive but
minor tranquilizers	include Valium and Xanax. These are also classified as central nervous system depressants and are prescribed for anxiety
lithium	special category of drug used successfully to calm patients who suffer from bipolar disorder (depression alternating with manic excitement)
psychotherapy	a method of treating mental disorders by mental rather than chemical or physical means
psychoanalysis encourages the patient to discuss repressed, painful, or hidden experiences with the hope of eliminating or minimizing the problem	method of obtaining a detailed account of the past and present emotional and mental experiences from the patient to determine the source of the problem and eliminate the effects. It is a system developed by Sigmund Freud that
humanistic psychotherapy which builds patient	therapist does not delve into patients' past when using these methods. Instead, it is believed that patients can learn how to use their own internal resources to deal with their problems. The therapist creates a therapeutic atmosphere,
family and group psychotherapy	often described as solution focused, the therapist places minimal emphasis on patient history and strong emphasis on having patient state and discuss goals and then find a way to achieve them.
anteroposterior view	positioning the patient so that the X-rays pass through the body from the anterior side to the posterior side
barium (Ba)	soft metallic element from the earth used as a radiopaque X-ray dye
film	thin sheet of cellulose material coated with a light-sensitive substance that is used in taking photographs. There is a special photographic film that is sensitive to X-rays
film badge	badge containing film that is sensitive to X-rays. This is worn by all personnel in radiology to measure the amount of X-rays to which they are exposed
lateral view	positioning of the patient so that the side of the body faces the X-ray machine
oblique view	positioning of the patient so that the X-rays pass through the body on an angle
posteroanterior view	positioning of the patient so that the X-rays pass through the body from the posterior side to the anterior side
radiography	making of X-ray pictures
radioisotope	radioactive form of an element
radiologist	physician who uses images to diagnose abnormalities and radiant energy to treat various conditions such as cancer
radiolucent	structures that allow X-rays to pass through; expose the photographic plate and appear as black areas on the X-ray
radiopaque	structures that are impenetrable to X-rays, appears as a light area on the radiograph ( X-ray)
roentgen	unit for describing an exposure dose of radiation
scan	recording on a photographic plate the emission of radioactive waves after a substance has been injected into the body
shield	device used to protect against radiation
tagging	attaching a radioactive material to a chemical, and tracing it as it moves through the body
uptake	absorption of radioactive material and medicines into an organ or tissue
X-ray	high-energy wave that can penetrate most solid matter and present the image on photographic film.
analgesic	medication to relieve pain
anesthetic	medication to produce partial complete loss of sensation
cauterization	use of heat, cold, electricity, or chemicals to scar, burn, or cut tissues
circulating nurse	nurse who assists the surgeon and scrub nurse by providing needed materials during the procedure and by handling the surgical specimen. This person does not wear sterile clothing and may enter and leave the operating room during the procedure
cryosurgery	technique of exposing tissues to extreme cold to produce cell injury and destruction. Used in the treatment of malignant tumors or to control pain and bleeding
day surgery	type of outpatient surgery in which the patient is discharged on the same day he or she is admitted; also called ambulatory surgery
dissection	surgical cutting of parts for separation and study
draping	process of covering the patient with sterile cloths that allow only the operative site to be exposed to the surgeon
electrocautery	use of an electric current to stop bleeding by coagulating blood vessels
endoscopic surgery	use of a lighted instrument to examine the interior of a cavity
hemostasis	stopping the flow of blood using instruments, pressure, and/or medication
intraoperative	period of time during surgery
laser surgery	use of a controlled beam of light for cutting, hemostasis, or tissue destruction
perioperative	period of time that includes before, during, and after a surgical procedure
postoperative (post-op)	period of time immediately following the surgery
preoperative (preop, pre-op)	period of time preceding surgery
resection	to surgically cut out or remove; excision
scrub nurse	surgical assistant who hands instruments to the surgeon. This person wears sterile clothing and maintains the sterile operative field
suture material	used to close a wound or incision. Examples are catgut, silk thread, or staples. They may or may not be removed when the wound heals, depending on the type of material that is used.
carcinoma in situ (CIS)	malignant tumor whose cells have not spread beyond the original site
encapsulated	growth enclosed in a sheath of tissue that prevents tumor cells from invading surrounding tissue
hyperplasia	excessive development of normal cells within an organ
invasive disease	tendency of a malignant tumor to spread to immediately surrounding tissue and organs
metastasis	movement and spread of cancer cells from one part of the body to another. Metastases is plural
morbidity	number representing the sick persons in p particular population
mortality	number representing the deaths in a particular population
mutation	change or transformation from the original
neoplasm	new and abnormal growth or tumor. These can be benign or malignant
oncogenic	cancer causing
primary site	term used to designate where a malignant tumor first appeared
relapse	return of disease symptoms after a period of improvement
remission	period during which the symptoms of a disease or disorder leave. Can be temporary
biopsy (bx)	excision of a small piece of tissue for microscopic examination to assist in determining a diagnosis
cytologic testing	examination of cells to determine their structure and origin. Pap smears are considered a form of cytologic testing
exploratory surgery	surgery performed for the purpose of determining if cancer is present or if a known cancer has spread. Biopsies are generally performed
staging laparotomy	surgical procedure in which the abdomen is entered to determine the extent and staging of a tumor
chemotherapy (Chemo)	treating disease by using chemicals that have a toxic effect on the body, especially cancerous tissue
hormone therapy	treatment of cancer with natural hormones or with chemicals that produce hormone-like effects
immunotherapy	strengthening the immune system to attack cancerous cells
palliative therapy	treatment designed to reduce the intensity of painful symptoms, but does not produce a cure
radiation therapy	exposing tumors and surrounding tissues to X-rays, gamma rays, neutron, protons, and other sources to kill cancer cells and shrink tumors
radical surgery	extensive surgery to remove as much tissue associated with a tumor as possible
radioactive implant	embedding a radioactive source directly into tissue to provide a highly localized radiation dosage to damage nearby cancerous cells. Also called brachytherapy
computed tomography scan (CT scan)	imaging technique that is able to produce a cross-sectional view of the body. X-ray pictures are taken at multiple angles through the body. A computer then uses all these images to construct a composite cross-section.
contrast studies	radiopaque substances is injected or swallowed. X-rays are then taken that will outline the body structure containing the radiopaque substance.
Doppler ultrasonography	use of ultrasound to record velocity of blood flowing through blood vessels. Used to detect blood clots and blood vessel obstructions
fluoroscopy	X-rays strike a fluorescing screen rather than a photographic plate, causing it to glow. The glowing screen changes from minute to minute; therefore movement, such as the heart beating or the digestive tract moving, can be seen
magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) emit radio-frequency signals that can be used to create an image	use of electromagnetic energy to produce an image of soft tissues in any plane of the body. Atoms behave differently when placed in a strong magnetic field. When the body is exposed to this magnetic field the nuclei of the body's atoms
nuclear medicine commonly referred to as a scan	use of radioactive substances to diagnose diseases. A radioactive substance known to accumulate in certain body tissues is injected or inhaled. After waiting for the substance to travel to the body area of interest, the radioactivity level is recorded.
positron emission tomography This may show an active area of the brain or a tumor	image is produced following the injection of radioactive glucose. The glucose will accumulate in areas of high metabolic activity. Therefore, this process will highlight areas that are consuming a large quantity of glucose.
radiology	use of high-energy radiation, X-rays, to expose a photographic plate. The image is a black-and-white picture with radiopaque structures such as bone appearing white and radiolucent tissue such as muscles appearing dark.
ultrasound (US) A computer is able to correlate speed of echo with density and produce an image. Used to visualize internal organs, heart valves, and fetuses.	use of high-frequency sound waves to produce an image. Sound waves directed into the body from a transducer will bounce of internal structures and echo back to the transducer. The speed of the echo is dependent on the density of the tissue.
@	at
- a	before
ac	before meals
ad lib	as desired
ante	before
APAP	acetaminophen (Tylenol)
aq	aqueous (water)
ASA	aspirin
bid	twice a day
- c	with
cap(s)	capsule(s)
d	day
d/c, DISC	discontinue
DC, disc	discontinue
DEA	Drug Enforcement Agency
dil	dilute
disp	dispense
dtd	give of such a dose
Dx	diagnosis
et	and
FDA	Federal Drug Administration
gm	gram
gr	grain
gt	drop
gtt	drops
hs	at bedtime
t	one
ID	intradermal
tt	two
ttt	three
IM	intramuscular
inj	injection
IV	intravenous
kg	kilogram
L	liter
mcg	microgram
mEq	milliequivalent
mg	milligram
mL	milliliter
no sub	no substitute
noc	night
non rep	do not repeat
NPO	nothing by mouth
NS	normal saline
od	overdose
oint	ointment
OTC	over the counter
oz	ounce
- p	after
pc	after meals
PCA	patient-controlled administration
PDR	Physician's Desk Reference
per	with
po	by mouth
prn	as needed
pt	patient
q	every
qam	every morning
qh	every hour
qhs	at bedtime
qid	four times a day
qs	quantity sufficient
Rx	take
- s	without
Sig	label as follows/directions
sl	under the tongue
sol	solution
-- ss	one-half
stat	at once/immediately
Subc, SubQ	subcutaneous
suppose, supp	suppository
susp	suspension
syr	syrup
T, tbsp	tablespoon
t, tsp	teaspoon
tab	tablet
tid	three times a day
TO	telephone order
top	apply topically
VO	verbal order
wt	weight
x	times
AD	Alzheimer's disease
ADD	attention-deficit disorder
ADHD	attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
BPD	bipolar disorder
CA	chronological age
DSM	Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
ECT	electroconvulsive therapy
MA	mental age
MMPI	Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory
OCD	obsessive-compulsive disorder
SAD	seasonal effective disorder
67GA	radioactive gallium
99mTc	radioactive technetium
131I	radioactive iodine
201TI	radioactive thallium
133Xe	radioactive xenon
Angio	angiography
AP	anteroposterior
Ba	barium
BaE	barium enema
CAT	computerized axial tomography
Ci	curie
CT	computerized tomography
CXR	chest X-ray
decub	lying down
DI	diagnostic imaging
DSA	digital subtraction angiography
ERCP	endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatograpy
Fx	fracture
GB	gallbladder X-ray
IVC	intravenous cholangiogram
IVP	intravenous pyelogram
KUB	kidneys, ureters, bladder
LAT	lateral
LGI	lower gastrointestinal series
LL	left lateral
mA	milliampere
mCi	millicurie
MRA	magnetic resonance angiography
MRI	magnetic resonance imaging
NMR	nuclear magnetic resonance
PA	posteroanterior
PET	positron emission tomography
PTC	percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography
R	roentgen
Ra	radium
rad	radiation-absorbed dose
RL	right lateral
RRT	registered radiologic technologist
UGI	upper gastrointestinal series
US	ultrasound
AAROM	active assistive range of motion
ADL	activities of daily living
AROM	active range of motion
EMG	electromyogram
e-stim	electrical stimulation
LE	lower extremity
OT	occupational therapy
PROM	passive range of motion
PT	physical therapy
ROM	tange of motion
TENS	transcutaneous electrical stimulation
UE	upper extremity
US	ultrasound
D & C	dilation and curettage
Endo	endoscopy
EUA	exam under anesthesia
GA	general anesthesia
I & D	incision and drainage
MUA	manipulation under anesthesia
OR	operating room
PARR	postanesthetic recovery room
preop, pre-op	preoperative
prep	preparation, prepared
T & A	tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy
TAH	total abdominal hysterectomy
TURP	transurethral resection of prostate
bx	biopsy
Ca	cancer
chemo	chemotherapy
CIS	carcinoma in situ
5-FU	5-fluorouracil
GA	gallium
mets	metastases
MTX	methotrexate
prot	protocol
st	stage
TNM	tumor, nodes, metastases
capsul/o	to box
cry/o	cold
cutane/o	skin
electr/o	electric current
habilitat/o	ability
hydro	water
my/o	muscle
orth/o	straight, correct
phon/o	sound
physic/o	body
prosthet/o	addition
therm/o	heat
6y
q
	2ww

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