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cervical spine posit
cervical spine position
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| what are the basic cervical spine views | ap open mouth,ap axial,obliques,lateral,lateral horizonal beam,swimmer's lateral |
| ap open mouth is also know as what | C1 and C2 cervical spine |
| lateral horizontal beam is use for what | the trauma patient |
| pathologies of ap open mouth is | fx involving C1 & C2,demonstrates odontoid & Jefferson fx |
| what is the patient position for ap open mouth | erect or supine with arms by side |
| A line from lower margin of upper incisors to the base of the skull(mastoid tips) should be perpendicular/parallel to the table/or IR.ap open mouth | perpendicular |
| what is the CR for AP open mouth | cr is perpendicular to IR,directed to the center of the mouth |
| ap open mouth:what should you instruct your patient to do. | instruct pt to open mouth that only the lower jaw moves. also to keep the tongue in the lower jaw |
| why is it important that the pt keep the tongue in the lower jaw. | it helps in preventing superimposition of vertebrae by mandible. |
| how much of a angle is the ap axial | 15 to 20 cephalad |
| what is the CR of ap axial | angle 15 to 20 cephalad,to enter to the level of the lower margin of the thyroid cartilage to pass through C4 |
| what does cephalad angulation helps(ap axial) | cephalad angulation directs the beam b/w the overlapping cervical vertebral bodies to better demonstrate the intervertebral disk spaces. |
| when should you angle the tube 15 cephalad on a AP Axial projection | angle the tube 15 degrees when the pt is supine or if there is less lordotic curvature |
| when should you angle the tube 20 cephalad on a AP Axial projection | angle the tube 20 degrees when the pt is prone or if there is more lordotic curvature. |
| what is the pathology on a AP Axial projection. | demonstrates the clay shoveler's fx,commpression fx & herniated nucleus pulposus(HNP).involving mid & lower cervical spine C3 to C4. |
| what are the pathology for a anterior & posterior oblique position | stenosis involving the intervertebrae foramen is demonstrated. |
| why should both anterior & posterior views needed | for comparison purposes |
| what is the preferred position for anterior & posterior oblique position | erect position if perferred |
| what is the CR for a anterior oblique position | 15 degrees caudad to C4-level of upper margin thyroid cartilage |
| what is the CR for a posterior oblique position | 15 degrees cephalad to C4-level of lower margin thyroid cartilage |
| how does turning the head on a anterior & posterior oblique position helps | helps in preventing superimposition of vertebrae by mandible. |
| what is the pathology for a lateral position | spondylosis and osteoarthritis are demonstrated |
| what is the CR for a lateral position | CR perpendicular to IR, directed horizontally to C4-level of upper margin of thyroid cartilage |
| why do we use a 72 inch sid for a lateral position | compensates for increased OID & provides for less magnification. |
| why do we extend the chin on a lateral position | to prevent superimposition of the mandible on upper vertebrae |
| what is a lateral position,horizontal beam used for | the trauma patient |
| what are the pathology for a lateral position,horizontal beam | clay shoveler's fx,compression fx,hangmans fx,odontoid fx,teardrop burst fx,subluxation |
| what is the CR for a lateral position,horizontal beam | CR perpendicular to IR,directed horizontally to C4-level of uuper margin of thyroid cartilage |
| why do we use a 72 inch sid for the lateral position,horizontal beam | longer sid results in less magnification with increase image sharpness |
| what is the other name for the cervicothoracic (swimmmer's)lateral position | Twining method for C4-T3 Region |
| what are the pathologies for the swimmer's lateral position | inferior cervical spine,superior thoracic spine,& various fx subluxation are demonstrated |
| what is the sid for the swimmer lateral position | 72 inches |
| what is the CR for the swimmer's lateral position | CR perpendicular to IR CR centered to T1 |
| why is a slight caudad angulation needed for the swimmer's lateral position | 3 to 5 degrees maybe necessary to help separate the two shoulders,especially on a pt with limited flexiblity who cannot sufficently depress the shoulder away from the IR |
| what is the other name for the AP Wagging jaw cervical spine | Ottonelle Method |
| what is the pathology for AP Wagging Jaw | pathology involving the dens & surrounding bony structures of the C1 ring as well as the entire cervical column is demonstrated |
| what is the CR for the AP wagging Jaw | CR perpendicular to IR,centered to C4-upper margin of thyroid cartilage |
| what should the mandible be doing during exposure | mandible should be in continuous motion during exposure |
| how should you help the pt with the exposure | practice with pt before exposure to ensure that only the mandible is moving continuously,& teeth do not make contact. |
| how should we adjust the head on a AP Wagging Jaw | adjust head so that the a line drawn from lower margin of upper incisors to the base of the skull is perpendicular to table |
Created by:
ambey
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