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Reconstruction
Reconstruction vocabulary
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Legislation which proposed Congress should be in charge of Reconstruction and that the majority of those voters eligible to vote must take a loyalty oath to the Constitution before the state could be readmitted to the Union. Not signed by Lincoln. | Wade-Davis Bill (July 1864) |
| Representative from Pennsylvania who led the Radical Republicans; had defended runaway slaves prior to serving in Congress. | Thaddeus Stevens |
| Senator from Tennessee who served as Lincoln's Vice-President as part of the National Union Party. | Andrew Johnson |
| Established by Congress to assist former slaves and poor whites in areas of education, healthcare,and employment. | Freedmen's Bureau |
| Passed after the Civil War, these discriminatory laws had the effect of severely limiting African American lives and restoring some of the restrictions of slavery. | Black Codes |
| Northerners who moved to the South after the Civil War; everything could fit in their luggage. | carpetbaggers |
| College set up in 1867 for preparing black men for the ministry and teaching; originally called Augusta Institute. | Morehouse College |
| First African-American Senator; from Mississippi | Hiram Revels |
| First amendment passed since 1804; "neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for a crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States." | 13th Amendment |
| 26 year old actor who assassinated President Abraham Lincoln in Ford's Theatre in Washington, D.C. | John Wilkes Booth |
| Lincoln's plan for readmitting confederate states into the Union; 10% of those on the voting lists of 1860 needed to take an oath of allegiance to the Union in order for the formation of a new state government & representation in Congress. | Lincoln's Proclamation of Amnesty and Reconstruction (Dec. 1863) or Ten-Percent Plan |
| Legislation which attempted to give African Americans citizenship & forbade states from passing discriminatory laws; vetoed by Johnson. | Civil Rights Act of 1866 |
| Made "all persons born or naturalized in the United States" citizens & entitled them to equal protection of the law with no state depriving any person of life, liberty or property w/o due process of law. | 14th Amendment |
| Elected President of the United States in 1868. | U.S. Grant |
| Wanted to destroy all power of former slaveholders; believed that African Americans should be given citizenship and the right to vote. | Radical Republicans |
| Johnson vetoed these two acts which escalated the tensions between the President and Congress. | Freedmen's Bureau Act (1866) & Civil Rights Act of 1866 |
| Promised by General William Tecumseh Sherman to the freed slaves who followed his army. | 40 acres and a mule |
| Each landowner provided a few acres for former slaves or poor whites to farm as well as tools and seed; in return, the worker gave a portion of his crop yield to the landowner as payment; renewed each year as needed. | Sharecropping |
| Founded originally as a social club for Confederate veterans, but turned into a violent terrorist organization with its goaal to restore white supremacy through the prevention of African Americans exercising their political rights. | Ku Klux Klan (KKK) |
| Prohibits the denial of the right to vote based on race, color or previous condition of servitude. | 15th Amendment (1870) |
| System in which farm workers provide own tools and rent farmland for cash. | tenant farming |
| Southern Democrats term for their return to power in the 1870s. | redemption |
| Stated that the president could not remove cabinet officers during their term--even by the president who appointed them--without the consent of Congress; Congress based 9 of Johnson's impeachment charges on this act. | Tenure of Office Act (1867) |
| Along with the requirement to ratify the 14th Amendment, this act divided the former Confederate states (except Tennessee) into five military districts in order to recognize and protect African-Americans right to vote. Johnson vetoed, but overridden. | Reconstruction Act of 1867 |
| Secretary of War who supported the Radical Republicans reconstruction plan; fired by Johnson in order to test the constitutionality of the Tenure of Office Act. | Edwin Stanton |
| Derogatory name given by Democrats to white Southerners who joined the Republican party; majority were small farmers who wanted to improve their economic & political position. | scalawags |
| Congress passed a series of acts to curtail Klan violence an Democratic intimidation; provided for federal supervision of elections in Southern states & the use of federal troops in areas where the Klan was active. | Enforcement Acts of 1871 & 1872 |
| Ability to run state governments without federal intervention. | home rule |
| Support for Hayes as Pres. by Southern Dems if federal troops withdrew from LA & SC; federal money for RR from TX to West Coast & improvements for Southern rivers, harbors, bridges; appointment of a conservative Southerner to Pres. Hayes's cabinet. | Compromise of 1877 |
| Case in which the Supreme Court ruled that most civil rights were state rights & therefore not protected by the 14th Amendment | Slaughterhouse cases |
| Democratic Presidential candidate in 1876 who wins the popular vote, but falls short of one needed electoral college vote. | Samuel Tilden of New York |
| Formally charge with misconduct in office; Hoiuse of Representatives has power to do to federal officials; the Senate then acts as jury. | impeach |
| Scandal during the Grant administration in which the railroads created a company which skimmed money from the government contract in order to make money. | Credit Moblier scandal |
| With this Act, Congress returns the right to vote and hold federal & state offices to former Confederates--which had been revoked by the 14th Amendment. | Amnesty Act of 1872 |
| A conspiracy which defrauded the government of millions of dollars; internal revenue collectors and other officials were bribed by whiskey distillers who din't want to pay taxes on their product. | Whiskey Ring (1875) |
| A series of bank failures which led to a five year recession; led also to the Specie Resumption Act (ie, a return to the gold standard). | Panic of 1873 |
| Supreme Court decision which declared that the 14th Amendment did not grant the federal government the power to punish individual whites who oppressed blacks. | U.S. v. Cruikshank |
| Republican presidential candidate who, through the Compromise of 1877, won the election, despite his opponent only being one electoral short of winning. | Rutherford B. Hayes |
| Supreme Court ruled that this amendment did not grant voting rights to anyone, but merely restricted types of voter discrimination. | U.S. v. Reese (1876) |
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druane1
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