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APHG test study
Unit 7
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Agglomeration | The action or process of regions or areas collecting in mass usually for certain advantages |
| Barriadas | Another name for squatter settlements that are residential developments that take place on land that is neither owned nor is rented by its occupants |
| Bid-rent theory | A geographical economic theory to how the price and demand on real estate changes as the distance towards the CBD increases |
| Blockbusting | A process by which real estate agents convince white property owners to sell their houses at low prices because of fear that black families will soon move into the neighborhood |
| CBD(central business district) | The area of a city where retail and office activities are clustered |
| Census tract | An area delineated by the U.S. Bureau of the Census for which statistics are published |
| Centrality | The functional dominance of cities within an urban system |
| Centralization | The movement of people,services and port in the central city. |
| Central-place theory | The distribution of services based on the fact that settlements serve as centers of market area for services. Larger settlements are fewer & farther apart than smaller settlements & provide services for a large number of people with a larger range. |
| Walter Christaller | Created the central place theory which displayed the ideas that central places would provide services and goods to the surrounding areas. |
| City/Cityscapes | Conglomeration of people and buildings clustered together to serve as a center of politics, culture, and economics /A city's landscape |
| Colonial city | Compared to older cities , colonial cities typically contain wider streets and public squares, lager houses, surrounded by gardens, and much lower density |
| Commercialization | The transformation of an area of a city into an area attractive to residents and tourists alike in terms of economic activity |
| Commuter Zone | The fifth ring in the concentric zone model that is beyond the continuous built-up area of the city |
| Concentric zone model | A model of the internal structure of cities in which social groups are spatially arranged in a series of rings. |
| Counterurbanization | Net migration from urban to rural areas in more developed countries |
| Decentralization | The tendency of people or businesses and industry to locate outside the central city |
| Deindustrialization | A process of social and economic change caused by the removal or reduction of industry in a country or region |
| Early cities | Cities of the ancient world |
| Economic base(basic/nonbasic) | Businesses that generate employment in a community or a geographical area. |
| Edge city | A large node of office and retail activities on the edge of an urban area |
| Emerging cities | City currently without much population but increasing in size at a fast rate |
| Employment structure | How the workforce is divided up between the three main employment sectors - primary, secondary, and tertiary |
| Entrepot | A trading center, or a trading warehouse where merchandise can be imported and exported without paying for import duties, often at a profit. |
| Ethnic neighborhood | A neighborhood in which the people who live in there and share physical, mental, and cultural traits |
| Favela | The Brazilian equivalent of a shanty-town, which are generally found on the edge of the city |
| Female-headed household | A household in which the most powerful person is a female |
| Festival landscape | A landscape of cultural festivities |
| Gateway city | Serves as a link between one country or region and others because of its physical situation. |
| Gender | The social differences between men and women |
| Gentrification | The invasions of older, centrally located working class neighborhoods by higher income households seeking the character and convenience of less expensive and well-located residences |
| Ghetto | During the middle ages, a neighborhood in a city set up by law to be inhabited only by Jews; now used to denote a section of a city in which members of any minority group live because of social, legal, or economic pressure |
| Globalization | Actions or processes that involve the entire world and result in making something worldwide in scope. |
| Great cities | A city with a population of more then 1 million |
| High-tech corridors | Corridors made up of thousands of high tech businesses and industries |
| Hinterland | The area surrounding a central place, from which people are attracted to use the place's goods and services |
| Hydraulic civilization | Any culture having an agricultural system that is dependent upon large-scale government-managed waterworks |
| Indigenous city | a center of population, commerce, and culture that is native to a country |
| In-filling | The use of vacant land and property within a built-up area for further construction or development |
| Informal structure | It is the economic activity that is neither taxed nor monitored by a government; and is not included in that governments GNP |
| Infrastructure | The fundamental facilities and systems serving a country, city, or area, such as transportation and communication systems, power plants, and schools |
| Inner city | Residential neighborhoods that surround the CBD |
| Invasion and succession | A model of change used in urban ecology to represent the effects of immigration on the social structure of an urban area |
| Lateral commuting | Traveling from one suburb to another in going from home to work. |
| Medieval cities | Cites dating back to the 14th century with walls and watch towers. |
| Megacities | A recognized metropolitan area with a total population in excess of 10 million people |
| Megalopolis/conurbation | An area of an adjacent metropolitan ares that overlap |
| Metropolitan area | The county within which the city is located, and adjacent counties meeting one of several tests indicating a functional connection to the central city |
| Multiple nuclei model | A model of the internal structure of cities in which social groups are arranged around a collection of nodes of activities |
| Multiplier effect | The expansion of the money supply that results from a Federal Reserve System member bank's ability to lend significantly in excess of its reserves |
| Neighborhood | The area surrounding a particular place, person, or object. |
| Office park | An area where a number of office buildings are built together on landscaped grounds. |
| Peak land value intersection | Is the land within a settlement with the greatest land value and commerce |
| Planned communities | Any community that was carefully planned from its inception and is typically constructed in a previously undeveloped area |
| Postindustrial city | A city in which an economic transition has occurred from a manufacturing based economy to a service based economy |
| Postmodern urban landscape | Attempts to reconnect people to place through its architecture, the preservation of historical buildings, the re-emergence of mixed land uses and connections among developments |
| Primate city | The largest settlement in a country, if it has more than twice as many people as the second ranking settlement |
| Racial steering | Refers to the practice in which real estate brokers guide prospective home buyers towards or away from certain neighborhoods based on their race |
| Rank-size rule | A pattern of settlements in a country, such that the nth largest settlement is 1/n the population of the largest settlement. |
| Redlining | Process by which banks draw lines on a map and refuse to lend money to purchase or improve property within boundaries |
| Restrictive covenants | Provision in a property deed preventing sale to a person of a particular race or religion; loan discrimination; ruled unconstitutional |
| Sector model ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ | A model of the internal structure of cities in which social groups are arranged around a series of sectors, or wedges, radiating out from the central business district (CBD). |
| Segregation | The separation or isolation of a race, class, or group |
| Settlement forms | nucleated: compact, closely packed settlement sharply decorated from adjoining farmlands; dispersed: characterized by a much lower density of population & the wide spacing of individual homesteads; elongated: state whose territory is long & shaped narrow. |
| Shopping mall | Mercantile establishment consisting of a carefully landscaped complex of shops representing leading merchandisers |
| Site/situation | Site = the physical character of place; what is found at the location and why it is significant Situation = the location of a place relative to other places |
| Slum | A heavily populated urban area characterized by substandard housing and squalor |
| Social structure | Social organization based on established patterns of social interaction between different relationships |
| Specialization | separation of tasks within a system |
| Squatter settlement | An area within a city in a less developed country in which people illegally establish residences on land they do not own or rent and erect homemade structures. |
| Street patterns | grid:streets are arranged in a grid-like fashion; dendritic: characterized by fewer streets organized based on the amount of traffic each can carry; access: provides access control: allows highways or housing projects to be supervised |
| Suburb | Residential areas on the outskirts of a city or large town |
| Suburbanization | A term used to describe the growth of areas on the fringes of major cities |
| Symbolic landscape | Landscapes that express the values, beliefs, and meanings of a particular culture. |
| Tenement | An apartment building, especially one meeting minimum standards of sanitation, safety or maintenance up keep. |
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Heavenleighallen
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