click below
click below
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Separating Mixtures
Terminology & Revision
Question | Answer |
---|---|
What is a solution? | A liquid which has a solute dissolved into the solvent. It will be clear and perhaps coloured ie instant coffee |
What is a solvent? | A liquid in which solutes can be dissolved |
What is a solute? | A substance that is dissolved in a solvent to make a solution ie cordial |
What is a mixture? | It is a combination of 2 or more substances which can be separated ie soup |
What does 'soluble' mean? | It is a substance that can be dissolved in a liquid |
What does 'insoluble' mean? | A substance that will not dissolve in liquid ie sand |
What does 'concentrated' mean? | It contains a large amount of solute ie strong cordial |
What does 'saturated' mean? | The liquid ( solvent) can't dissolve any more solute ie milo |
How do you 'dilute' something? | Adding liquid |
What is a 'suspension'? | A mixture of gas or liquid and an insoluble substance. The insoluble substance will sink to the bottom ie orange juice if the liquid is kept still. |
What is 'sediment'? | Insoluble substances which settle at the bottom of suspensions ie orange juice pulp |
'Filtration' means what? | The process of separating suspended particles from fluid through a filter |
What is 'residue'? | Any material left on a filter after a liquid passes through after being filtered |
What is a 'colloid'? | A colloid with droplets of one liquid spread evenly through another liquid ie mayonnaise. The mixture will always look cloudy. |
What is 'decanting'? | Pouring liquid off the top when sediment has settled at the bottom of the container ie tea leaves |
What does 'sieving' mean? | Particles of different sizes are placed in a container with holes, allowing the smaller particles to fall through |
What does a centrifuge do? | Spins the mixture and the heaviest substances move to the outside of the spinning container leaving the lighter substances in the centre |
What is 'distillation'? | A mixture is heated so one substance evaporates. This vapour is collected and condenses into a liquid |
What happens when water evaporates? | It heats and becomes a mist |
What happens when water condenses? | It cools and becomes a liquid |
What is left when salt lakes dry up and crystallisation occurs? | Salt |
What does a filter do? | It blocks larger particles but allows smaller particles to pass through. |
What is gravity separation? | The separation of heavier particles by shaking or spinning them ie panning for gold |
How can you separate sawdust and sand? | Flotation |
How can you most easily separate bits of iron or copper and mud | Magnetic separation |
Which is the most effective separation method? Centrifuging, decanting or filtration | Centrifuging |
Straining pasta is a form of? | Filtering |
Panning for gold is a form of... | Decanting |
The only way to get the solvent (liquid) back from a solution is... | Distillation (evaporation and condensation) |
The easiest way to get the solute (thing dissolved) from a solution is... | Evaporation (can also use distillation) |
Describe the changes of state (solid, liquid gas) in distillation | Water is liquid, is heated to become steam (gas), cools (condensation) in the condensing chamber to become water (liquid) which drips into the beaker |
Food colouring and water. Which is the solute? | Food Colouring |
Food colouring and water. Which is the solvent? | Water |
Which separation method is the best at separating blood? | centrifuging |
After centrifuging, the bottom layer is.... | heaviest |
paints inks and dyes are most easily separated using which method? | chromatography |