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AP Biology_Ch 14

LCHS_APBiology_Ch 14 Mendle/Genetics

TermDefinition
ALLELES Alternate versions of a gene.
CODOMINANCE A phenotypic situation in which the two alleles affect the phenotype in separate, distinguishable ways.
COMPLETE DOMINANCE A type of inheritance in which the phenotypes of the heterozygote and dominant homozygote are indistinguishable.
DIHYBRID An organism that is heterozygous with respect to two genes of interest.For example, parents of genotype AABB and aabb produce a dihybrid of genotype AaBb.
DOMINANT In a heterozygote, the allele that is fully expressed in the phenotype.
EPISTASIS A phenomenon in which one gene alters the expression of another gene that is independently inherited.
GENOTYPE The genetic makeup of an organism.
HETEROZYGOUS Having two different alleles for a given genetic character.
HOMOZYGOUS Having two identical alleles for a given trait.
HYBRIDIZATION The mating, or crossing, of two varieties.
INCOMPLETE DOMINANCE A type of inheritance in which F1 hybrids have an appearance that is intermediate between the phenotypes of the parental varieties.
MONOHYBRID An organism that is heterozygous with respect to a single gene of interest. For example, parents of genotypes AA and aa produce a monohybrid genotype of Aa.
PEDIGREE A family tree describing the occurrence of heritable characters in parents and offspring across as many generations as possible.
PHENOTYPE The physical and physiological traits of an organism.
PLEIOTROPY The ability of a single gene to have multiple effects.
RECESSIVE In a heterozygote, the allele that is completely masked in the phenotype.
TRAIT A characteristic.
INDEPENDENT ASSORTMENT Mendel's second law, stating that each allele pair segregates independently during gamete formation; applies when genes for two characteristics are located on different pairs of homologous chromosomes.
SEGREGATION Mendel's first law, stating that allele pairs separate during gamete formation, and then randomly re-form as pairs during the fusion of gametes at fertilization.
CARRIER an individual who is heterozygous at a given genetic locus, with one normal allele and one potentially harmful recessive allele. They are phenotypically normal for the character determined by the gene but can pass on the harmful allele to offspring.
Created by: gtemple
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