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Midterm THS History
THS Politics of Reconstruction & New Immigrants
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| (1865) The assasination of Abraham Lincoln brings ____ to the presidency. | Radical Republicans |
| (1865) The president announces his plan for ____________ calling for states to be readmitted to the union once they declared secession illegal, sworn allegiance to the union, repudiated Confederate debts, and ratified the Thirteenth Ammendement | Reconstruction |
| (1865) Congress voters to expand the _____, which assists former slaves by providing clothing and food. | Freedmen's Bureau |
| (1866) Congress passes the _________, giving African Americans citizenship and forbidding states from passing discriminatory laws known as ___________ | Civil Rights Act / black codes |
| (1866) The president vetoes the Freedmen's Bureau Act and Civil Rights Act, leading moderate Republicans to join forces with the ______ | Radical Republicans |
| (1866) Congress overrides the presidential veotes and adopts the ________, providing a Constitutional basis for the Civil Rights Act and guaranteeing citizenships to all persons born or naturalized in the United States | Fourteenth Ammendment |
| (1867) COngress passes the _____, abolishing the governments formed int the former COnfederate states into 5 military Districts. The act is promptly vetoed by _____. | Recosntruction Act / Andrew Jackson |
| (1867) The ________ refusal to cooperate with Congress's plans for ____ leads Congress to impeach him. | Andrew Jackson / Recosntruction |
| (1868) ___________ is elected president. | Ulysses S Grant |
| (1868) After the election, the ____ in COngress, fearing southern whites might try to place limits on African-American voting rights, introduced the ______, which state that no one can be kept from voting because of _______, ____, or __________ | Radical Republicans / 15th Ammendment /race, color or having been enslaved. |
| Most of the battles of the Civil War were fought on (Southern) soil. T/F? | True |
| After the war, most Southern state givernements (decreased) taxes. T/F? | False. Increased Taxes |
| Democrats called those white Southerners who joined the Republian Party (scalawags). T/F? | True |
| Define Carpertbaggers | Were those who left their homes after the war and moved to the South, where they often scorned as dishonest business people. |
| During Reconstruction (churches) became the principal institutions that African Americans fully controlled. T/F? | tRUE |
| What was the principal institution that was fuilly controlled by African-Americans? | Churches |
| Very few former slaves were able to take part in (sharecropping) because they could never raise enough cash to rent land from planters. T/F? | False. Tenant Farming |
| (Robert G Fitzgerald) was the 1st African-American to win an election as a US senator. T/F? | False. It was Hiram Revels. |
| In the system known as (tenant farming), landowners divided their land and gave each worker a few acres, plus seed and tools. In return, the worker gave the landowner a portion of their harvested crop. T/F? | False. It is Share croppping. |
| Define tenant farming | Farmers raise cash to rent land from planters. The farmers become tanants. |
| Define sharecropping. | Landowners divide the land and gave each worker a few acres, plus seed and tools. In return, the wirker gave the landowner a portion of the harvested crop. |
| This group called the _________ strongly supported the Recosntruction | Radical Republicans |
| Democrats and Republicans in Congress agreed to this, which decided the outcome of a presidential election and effectively ended recosntruction in the south. | Compromise of 1877 |
| This lead to economic depression and disputes iver currency policies. | Panic of 1873 |
| Although this man was honest, many of the people he appointed to office were dishonest and corrupt. Who is he? | He is Ulysses S Grant |
| He was the Democratic candidate for president in 1876 election. This man won the popular vote but FAILED to gain the presidentcy. | He is Samuel J Tilden |
| This Act allowed many former Confederates to vote and hold elective office | It is the Amnesty Act. |
| Democrats used this TERM to describe their RETURN to POWER in the South. | The TERM is REDEMPTION. (Alleluha!) |
| The POWER of this Group was severely weekend by its ties to political corruption, severe econimic problems, and decisions handed down by the Supreme Court in the 1870s. They are--- | The Radical Republicans (boing!!!) |
| During Reconstruction, this white supremacist group commited act of violence against African-Americans to keep them from participating in policits and achieving economic progress. WHo are these evil-doers? | (Church lady says) The Klu Klux Klan. |
| This is what Southern Democrats managed to achieve after the 1876 election. It allowed them to restrict African-American Rights, cut taxes abd wipe out social programs. | Home Rule. |
| Vast grassland extending throught the West_central portion of the United States is called | Grrrrrrreat Plains (for 10pts) |
| THis was the major cattle route from San Anotnio Texas through Oklahoma and Kansas | Chisholm Trail |
| THis ritual was suppoesed to restore the NAtive American Way of Life | Ghost Dance |
| This resulted when the peacefule Cheyenne and Arapaho were attacked w/out warning by the US ARmy. Over 150 inhabitamts were killed mostly women and children | Sand Creek Massacre |
| This resluted when the US ARmy fored cannons on 350 starving freezing Sioux and w.in minutes killed 300. | Battle of Wounded Knee |
| This colonel's bad judgement in attacking Native American warriors inb Little Bughinr resulted in his death and that of all his troops. | George A Custer |
| This was supposed th "Americanize" Native Americans by encouraging in them the desire to own property and to farm reservation land distributed to Native american families | Dawes Act |
| This Leader of the HunkpapaSioux never signed the Treaty of Fort Laramie | Sitting Bull |
| This leader helpe defeat the US Army at the battle of Little BigHorn, toured Buffalo Bill's wild West Show ; encouraged the Ghost Dance Movement and was killed during an attempt byreservation police to arrest him | Sitting Bull |
| Define Homesteader | A settler who farmed land given by the Federal Govt. |
| Define Soddy | A house/home made out of prairie turf |
| What is Morrill Act | Act to give federal land to the states to help finance agricultural colleges |
| What is Bonanza-farm? | A massive single-crop farm owned by the railroad companies and private inventors. |
| Who organized the Grange? | He is Oliver Hudson Kelley |
| He was the winner of the 1896 presidential election | He is William McKinley |
| This party supported the adoption of the GOLD standard | The Republican Party |
| The govt began taking these out of circulation after the Civil War | They are ' greenbacks. ' |
| This Political Party turned the American 2 party system into a 3 party system. | Populist Party |
| This was a monetary systen in which the govt would give the people silver or gold in exchange for paper currency | Bimetallism |
| He was nominated by 2 parties as their candidate for the 1896 election. | Yes, the Populist party and Democratic PArty nominated William Jennings Bryan |
| This helped convince an undecided Democratic Convention to nominate William Jennings Bryan for president. | "Cross of Gold" speech. |
| This political party proposed an increase in money supply, a graduated income tax, and a federal loan program | Democratic Party |
| Members of this party were mainly business owners and bankers from industrialized areas. | Republican Party |
| This organization started out as a social outlet abd educational forum for isolated farm families. It soon became a political voice for farmers. | Grange |
| Who invented the typewriter? | Christopher Sholes |
| Invented the telephone | Alexander Graham Bell |
| Developed an efficient technique for transforming iron into steel | Henry Bessemer |
| introduce an efficient means if retrieving oil from beneath the earth's surface. | Edwin L Drake |
| perfected the incandescent light bulb at his research lab in Menlo Park NJ | Thomas Alva Edison |
| Developed anb entire system for producing and distributing electrical power abd organized power plants around the nation | Thomas Alva Edison |
| Oliver Hudson Kelley was the founder of the farmers' political organization know as the (Grange). T/F? | True |
| The Grange laws were an attempt to deal with various abuses of power by the (farmers)? T/F? | False. Abuse by railroad companies. |
| He formed the American Railway Union. Who is he? | Eugene V Debs |
| It is a process by which a company buys out all of its suppliers is called_______ | Vertical Integration |
| He is a millionaire tycoon who made his riches in the steel industry. Who is______? | Andrew Carnegie |
| This Act made it Illegal for corporations to interfere with Free interstate or International trade | It is the Sherman Antitrust Act |
| A corporation that does nothing but buy out the stock of other companies is called a______ | Holding Company |
| She is a supporter of the Great Strike of 1877 and the organizer of Mine Workers of America | She Mary Harris Jones. |
| This was organized in Chicago , 1905 by a group of radical unionists and socialist | Indusial Workers of the World |
| This federation/grfoup focused on collective bargaining and used strikes as a major tatic | American Federation of Labor |
| A theory that justified the efforts of millionaires and discouraged govt interference in big business | Social Darwinism |
| A corporation made up many companies that receive certificates entitling them to dividends on profits earned | Trust or Trust Corporation |
| A market in which one company has complete control over an industry's production, quality, wges paid and prices charged | Monopoly |
| What term is the name of a restriction on immigration passed by Congress? | Chinese Exclusion Act |
| What term refers to an agreement that limited the immigration of unskilled workers to the United States in exchange for the repeal of the San Francisco segregation order? | Gentlemen's Agreement |
| What idea led to a rise in anti-immigrant groups and a demand for immigration restrictions? | Nativism |
| What term refers to the mixture of diverse cultures whose people blended together by abandoning their native language and customs? | Melting Pot |
| Through which place did immigrants arriving on the East Coast pass before gaining entry into the United States? | Ellis Island |
| Through which place did immigrants arriving on the West Coast pass before gaining entry into the United States? | Angel Island |
| What term is the name of a restriction on emigration worked out between the United States and another government? | Chinese exclusion Act |
| Through which place were 19th-century eastern European immigrants more likely to pass before gaining entry into the United States? | Ellis Island |
| In the late 1800s most of the nation's rapidly growing cities were located in the (Northeast and Midwest) True/False? | True |
| By the 1890, there were twice as many Irish residents in (San Francisco) as in Dublin, Ireland. T/F? | False. Many Irish resident in (NYC) as in Dublin Ireland. |
| Urbanization is a term that describes the growth of (Farming Regions) T/F? | False. Urbanization is a term to describe the (Growth of Cities.) |
| Many Citi dwellers crowded into multifamily, often unsanitary , (settlement houses) T/F? | False. They were called (Tenement Houses) |
| ________were community centers that provided assistance to the urban poor. | Settlement Houses |
| What is Urbanization? | Urbanization is a term that describes growth of cities. |
| What are tenement houses? | Many city dwellers crowded into multifamily, often unsanitary places called Tenement Houses. |
| The (Americanization Movement) was designed to assimilate diverse people into the dominant culture. T/F? | True |
| This lady ______ founded Chicago's Hull House with Ellen Gates Starr and was one of the most influential members of the Social Gospel Movement. Who is She? | Jane Addams |
| Define Americanization Movement. | The Americanization Movement was designed to assimilate diverse people into a dominant culture. ( Yes-- resistance is futile - said the Borg. Soon u will be one of us....hahahah) |
| These Republican supporters of NYC boss - Roscoe Conkling were strongly opposed to civil service reform | STALWARTS |
| This ACT authorized an independent civil service commision to make govt appointments based on the Merit System | It is the Pendleton Act |
| Define Stalwarts | The "traditional" Republicans opposed Rutherford B. Hayes' civil service reform. Against the "Half-Breeds" for control of Rep. Party. The Half-Breeds worked 4 civil service reform, & created the Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act. |
| Who is the president that surprised everyone by turning reformer. His efforts to persude Congress to reform civil service resulted in the Pendleton Act. | He is President Chester A Arthur. |
| This president was a strong supporter of ivil-service reform. Although he did not succeed in getting Congress to go along with his plans for reform, we was able to clean up the nation's custom houses. Who is he? | Rutherford B Hayes |
| This was any type of unethical or illegal use of politicaln influences for gain | GRAFT ( as in graft and corruption) |
| Name the organized group that controlled the activities of a political party in a city | Political Machines |
| Liek most if tge turn-of-the century reformers, Wiliam Torrey Harris saw public schools as having a (positive) effect on democracy. True/False? | True |
| Between 1870 and 1920, the number of literate Americans (decreased) dramatically. True/False | False. Increased Dramatically |
| By 1910, most (immigrants) continue to be excluded from from public secondary education. True/False? | True |
| (Theodore Dreiser) was the 1st African American to receive a PHd from Harvard University. He proposed that educated African American attempt to achieve immediate inclusion into mainstream American life. T/False? | False. It was W.E.B.Du Bois. |
| He founded Tuskegee Normal &Industrial Inst. to enable African Americans to teach and do agricultural, domestic and mechanical work. "No race" he said, "can prosper till it learns there is as much dignity in tilling a field as in writing a poem." | He is Booker T Washington |
| What movement urged African Americans to earn degreas in liberal arts and provide the African-American community with well-educated leaders? | The Niagara Movement. |
| US commisioner of education (William Torrey Harris) helped establish kindergartens in public school systems. True/False? | True |
| The (Niagara Movement) urgen African Americans to earn liberal arts degrees and provide the African American community with well educate leaders. T/F? | True |
| Who invented the Kodak Camera? | Who is George Eastman |
| Pioneer avaiators helped make airmail possible | Who are Orville and Wilbur Wright |
| Elevators and Steel supports help make this land-saver possible | What is Skyscraper |
| This city's backbay area was originally a 450 acre swamp | What is Boston |
| This landscape arcitect spearheaded the movement for planned urban parks | Who is Frederick Law Olmstead |
| Completed in 1863, this "8th Wonder of the World" that connected Brooklyn to manhattan took 14 yrs to build | What is Brooklyn Bridge |
| This park was intended to soothe the inhabitants of NYC and let them enjoy a "natural setting." It is the _____. | What is Central Park |
| This architecturan pioneer designed the "proud and soaring" 10-storey Waintwright bldg in St Louis Missouri. | Who is Luis Sullivan. |
| This architect created a overall plan for Chicago that includedf a lakefront of elegant parks. | Who us Daniel Burnham. |
| This was the 1st American city to electrify its urban transit. | Richmond. |
| A term used to refer to any system of basis of race.separating people on the | What is segragation. |
| This African-American Journalist began crusading for racial justice after the lynching of his 3 friends | Ida B Wells |
| These laws were passed in the South to prvent white and black people from intermixing and to prevent blacks from achieving equality. | Jim Crow Laws |
| What is Poll Tax | This had to be paid to gain access to the voting booth in many Southern states. It kept poor blacks and poor whites from voting |
| What is Grandfather Clause? | This was added to the Constitutions of several Southern states so white people can vote who were kept from doing so by other restrictions. The term came from the fact that the laws tied the current generation's voting rights to their grandfathers |
| This was given in the South to African Americans by voter registration officials. Soem versions were in foreign languages; others were more difficult than the versions givem to white voters. | Literacy test. |
| Peonage is a system where laborers are bound in servitude until their debts are paid in full. System of Involuntary Labor forced upon Mexican and african Americans living in West and SW after slavery was abolished. | Debt Peonage |
| Historically, in the USA, it is also sometimes called peonage. | Debt bondage or debt slavery or bonded labor are all terms describing a means of paying off loans with direct labor instead of currency or goods |
| This Supreme Court decision ruled that separation of the races in public accommodations was legal and did not violate the Fourteenth Amendment. It established the principle of "separate but equal" that would rule Southern race relations 4 almost 60 yrs. | Plessy v. Ferguson |
| Thirteenth Amendment | served to abolish slavery and involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime. |
| Fourteenth Amendment (Amendment XIV) | One of the post-Civil War Reconstruction Amendments, To secure the rights of former slaves. Itrequires states to give equal protection under the law to all w/in their jurisdictions & was used in mid-20th century 2 dismantle racial segregation in USA |
| At the turn of the century, the roller coaster was a popular atraction at (Coney Island) True/False | True |
| The Pittsburg Pirates were a popular (boxing club)at the turn of the century. True/False? | false. Baseball Team |
| Thomas Eakins was an American (painter) who embraced realism, the belief that art and literature should present life in a realistic manner. True/False? | TRUE |
| American novelist ( Stephen Crane) wrote humorous works and adventure stories, such as TAHFinn, that has been accepted as Classics of American Literature | False. Mark twain (aka Samuel Clemens) wrote TAHFinn |
| This is how Montgomery Ward and Sears Roebuck created ("five and dime stores") that brought dept store merchandise to farmers and residents of small towns. True/False? | By CATALOGS |
| The ( United States Post Office ) boosted mail-order business in 1896 by introducing a rural free delivery system that brought packages directly to every home. True/False? | True |
| Joseph Pultzer and William Randolph Hearst completed mass audience for their (motion pictures) True/False | False. Newspapers |
| This is a vote on an initiative or proposal. It is called ______. | Referendum |
| What is Progressive Movement? | Is a movement that included a series of reform efforts that aimed to correct the injustices of american Life. |
| This is a bill initiated , or launched or proposed by citizens. | It is called an "Initiative." |
| 17th Ammendment | This allowed for the popular , diret election of US senators |
| What is Scientific management? | This was one of the inspirations for the creation of assembly lines at the Ford Motor Company. It involves time workflow management. |
| This Reform Governor and US Senator from Wisconsin made the railroad industry a major target. | Robert M. La Follette |
| This enabled voters to remove public officials from elected positions by forcing them to face an election before the end of their term if enoguh voters requested it. | RECALL |
| This is a term used to describe a journalist who exposed govt abuses and big business corruption to the readers of mass circulation magazines and newspapers. | WHat is a " MUCKRAKER" |
| Members of the Women's Christian temperance Union fought for this CAUSE by entering saloons, singing, praying and asking saloon keepers to stop selling alcohol | It is " PROHIBITION." |
| Florence Kelley | This progressive championed the rights of women and children by moving into a settlement house, woking as the Chief Inspector of Factories of Illinois, and helping to win passage of the Illinois Factory Act |
| She is a Native American woman who spoke out for the Ponca People | She is Ms Susette LaFlesche |
| NACW stand for: | National Association of Colored Women |
| It is the Right to VOTE | SUFFRAGE |
| She is a LEADER ineh Women's Suffrage Movementt | Who is Susan B Anthony. |
| NAWSA stands for | National American Woman Suffrage Association |
| This legislation was used by Roosevelt to file 44 antitrust suits | Sherman Anti Trust Act |
| 1902 Coal Miners strike | Workers demanded safer work conditions, higher pay .The strike dragged on through summer and fall; business and schools were forced to close their doors because of a lack of coal for heating.Resolved when Roosevelt got involved with negotiations |
| NAACP stands for | National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), a civil rights organization for ethnic minorities in the USA started by prominent African American and white reformers. |
| SQUARE DEAL | This is what Roosevelt promised that the common people would receive. |
| AT 42 years old, he was the youngest man ever to become president | Theodore Roosevelt |
| Roosevelt responded to this book by appointing a commission to investigate the meatpacking industry | The Jungle |
| (Theodore Roosevelt) won the presidential election of 1904. True/False? | True. Teddy roosevelt won the presidential elections of 1904 |
| (William Jenning Bryan) won the Presidential elections of 1912. True/False? | False. It was Woodrow Wilson who won the Presidential Elections of 1912. |
| NAME the head of he US Forest Service under President Roosevelt, who favored a balanced approach concerning private deveislopment and conservation of wilderness lands. He is___. | He is Gifford Pinchot |
| Democratic President nominee _______ supported antitrust legislation, banking reform, and reduced tarriffs under a progressive platform know as the _______ | Woodrow Wilson / New Freedom |
| Calling for an end to capitalism, Socialist presidential candidate _ ________ failed to capture any electoral votes in the 1912 presidential election. | He is Eugene V Debs |
| The Progressive party, which became known as the __________;advocated a number of reforms including woman's suffrage, an 8 hr workday, and a federal law against child labor. | Bull Moose Party |
| Under President taft, the Progressive and Conservative wings of the _________ began to fragment | Republican Party |
| After campaigning on a platform of lowering tariffs, President Taft angered progressive supporters by signing the (PAYNE BILL). True/False? | FAAAALSE. It is the PAYNE-ALDRICH TARIFF |
| This granted women the right to vote. | The 19th amendment guarantees all American women the right to vote. |
| President of NAWSA | Carrie Chaoman Catt |
| What is the Federal Reserve Act? | It established the Federal Reserve System |
| Former Governor of NJ who became President in 1912. | Woodrow Wilson |
| What is Income tax? | The purpose of the early income tax was to make up for revenue that would be lost by tariff reductions |
| What is the Federal Reserve System? | This is a decentralized private banking system under gotvt control |
| What is Underwood Tariff? | The United States Revenue Act of 1913 also known as Tariff Act, Underwood Tariff, or Underwood-Simmons Act substantially reduce import rates for the 1st time since the Civil War |
| This agency was given POWER to INVESTIGATE UNFAIR business practices and issue orders to "cease and desist." | Federal Trade Commission |
| The ___________Act speciied that labor unions and farm organizations not only had a right to exist, but would also no longer be subject to antitrust laws. | Clayton Antitrust Act |
| Woodrow Wilson appeared to support this issue during his campaign - but during his presidency, he did more to support those who oppose it. | Issue was Civil rights (that 2 faced scoundrel Woody!!!) |
| This movement was given new strength by a growing number of college educated women. | Women's Suffrage. |
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