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History notecards 40
His. Note cards 1-40
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is a monopoly? | A single company that controls an entire industry. |
| Why do countries practice imperialism? | Power and respect Natural resources Increased trade and economic power To spread culture, religion and form of government Strategic or military advantage |
| Who are indigenous people? | People who are native to a country(often refers to those in a colony who have been taken over by another country). |
| What is a colony? | A nation or territory that has been taken over by another. |
| Industrial Revolution | Machines and factories replaced Hand-made Products and human labor First happened in England in late 1700s. |
| Effects of Industrialization | Growth of critics Rise in crime Pollution and disease Overcrowding and poor housing Rise in low-skilled labor; anyone can get a job but workers are easily replaced Low pay, long hours, bad working conditions |
| The Enlightenment | People have natural born rights Government has limited power Citizens have freedom of speech and religion Focus on scientific and intellectual study |
| Labor Union | A group of workers who join together to fight for better working conditions and higher wages |
| What is a dictatorship? | Rule by one person Power gained and kept by force and fear No freedoms and individual rights Secret police to stop dissent Dictatorships: Germany in WWII (Hitler) Totalitarian |
| What is a democracy(democratic government)? | Government ruled by the people Citizens have freedom, rights, liberties Right to vote Democratic Countries: US, Canada, Great Britain, Germany, Mexico |
| Judicial Review | Supreme court's power to declare laws constitutional/unconstitutional |
| 3 branches of US government | Legislative branch- Makes laws Congress(House + Senate) Executive branch- Enforces laws (President) Judicial branch- Interprets laws (Supreme Court) |
| Market Economy(Capitalism) | Economic decisions(what to make, buy, price) Supply and demand Free enterprise(anyone can start a business) Private ownership and property |
| Traditional Economy | Based on custom & tradition (generations do the same thing) Farming, often with primitive tools Usually among the poorest countries in the world |
| What is a theocracy? | Rule by religious leaders No freedom of religion Iran |
| Command Economy(Communism) | Economic decisions made by government Government owns everything No profit or free enterprise Government totally controls society in order to make everyone equal |
| Laissez faire economic policy | Government is "hands off" Few regulations No overtime pay, safety regulations, minimum wage, etc. |
| What is monarchy? | Ruled by king/queen/czar Power through family line Two types- Absolute: total power Constitutional: Figurehead ruled by or government |
| Urban, Rural, Suburban | Urban: City Rural: "Country", farm areas Suburban: Town (area outside a large city) |
| Gross National Product(GNP)/ Gross Domestic Policy(GDP) | Total value of all goods and services produced in a country in a year Production: How much "stuff" a country makes |
| What makes a source "credible"? | An argument is based on facts, not opinions The writer is free of bias |
| Interest Rate | Additional money that must be paid on top of a loan Additional money gained on a savings account |
| 19th, 26th Amendements | 19th Amendment- women's right to vote 26th Amendment- 18 years old right to vote |
| 13th, 14th, 15th Amendments | 13th-banned slavery 14th-equal citizenship for all/equal protection under the law 15th-voting rights regardless of race |
| Franchise, suffrage | Franchise-the right to vote Disenfranchise- to deny the right to vote |
| Civil Disobedience | Intentionally breaking a law to change it sit-ins, marches, Rosa Parks, etc. |
| What is a tariff? | A tax on an import (foreign good) Purpose: to make foreign goods more expensive, encouraging the purchase of American goods |
| Import/Export | Import: A good made in another country and sold in the U.S. Export: A good made in the U.S. and sold to other countries |
| 1st Amendment Rights | Freedom of: Religion Speech Assembly Press Petition |
| Two types of segregation | Segregation- to separate De jure segregation-segregation by law (on purpose) bathrooms, cemeteries and schools De facto segregation-segregation by circumstance (unintentional) |
| Segregation continued | De facto- certain cities and schools where all black kids or mostly black kids live and vice versa for whites. People live with their own kind unintentionally |
| Plessy v. Ferguson | Supreme court case in 1896 that established "separate but equal." Said segregation was ok. |
| Federal Reserve | National bank of U.S.; controls interest rates, loans money to banks and controls flow of money. -If economy is bad: Fed. will lower interest rates to make it easier to borrow money |
| Federal Reserve (cont.) | -If economy is good: Fed. will raise interest rates to prevent inflation. |
| Initiative | Citizens can propose a law that does not yet exist. -petition, get enough signatures, submit it, statewide vote |
| Referendum | Citizens can remove a state law that already exists -petition, get enough signatures, submit it, statewide vote |
| Types of "citizen action' (how to get things done) | Start a petition Contact your representative (congress person or senator) Attend/speak at a city council meeting Run for office |
| Inflation | When the value of a dollar goes down -you can't buy as much as you used to with the same amount of money |
| Brown v. Board of Education | Supreme court case in 1954 that outlawed segregation in schools reversed plessy vs. ferguson ruling |
| Roe vs Wade | Supreme court ruling in 1973 legalizing abortion |
| Schenck vs U.S. | During WWI, Supreme Court ruled that government can restrict free speech if your speech causes "clear and present danger." easier for government to restrict rights during war |
Created by:
joshhutchrocks
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