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Chapter 11 DA
Infection Control
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is Asepsis? | The creation of an environment free of pathogens. |
| What is universal precautions? | All patients are treated as if they are infected. |
| What are standard precautions? | Universal precautions and body substance isolations techniques. |
| When are standard precautions utilized? | Prior to, during, and after each procedure in the dental office. |
| What does OSHA stand for? | Occupational Safety and Health Administration. |
| What does OSHA do? | Enforces requirements that employers must protect employees from exposure to blood and OPIM. |
| What is OPIM? | Other Potentially Infectious Materials. |
| What is the EPA? | Environmental Protection Agency. |
| What does the EPA regulate | Safety and effectiveness of disinfecting and sterilizing solutions and disposal of hazardous waste after it leaves the dental office. |
| What is OSAP? | Organization for safety and asepsis procedures, composed of dental health care workers that help dental offices with infection control. |
| What is the chain of infection? | Infectious agent, reservoir, portal of exit, mode of transmission, portal of entry, susceptible host. |
| What is one of the most important ways to prevent the transfer of microorganisms? | Hand washing. |
| Define antimicrobial. | A microorganism growth inhibitor. |
| What is the minimum time to complete a handwash? | 15 seconds. |
| What is the best way to dry washed hands? | Disposable paper towels. |
| What is PPE? | Personal Protective Equipment. |
| What is the PPE worn in the dental office? | Protective eyewear, gloves, mask, protective clothing, barriers. |
| What type of protection does eyewear require? | Front, top, and side protection. |
| Who should have protective eyewear? | Dentist, dental assistant, and patient. |
| What type of glove is used for most procedures. | Latex/vinyl= Exam gloves. |
| Can gloves be washed and reused? | yes, utility. |
| What type of glove is used for surgical procedures? | Sterile surgical gloves. |
| What are food handler gloves called in the dental office? | Overgloves. |
| How are food handler gloves used in the dental office? | Placed over the latex or vinyl gloves to prevent cross contamination. |
| Why are utility gloves used in the dental office? | Used during disinfection and clean up procedures. |
| Why are mask worn in a dental office? | To protect the mucous membrane of the nose and mouth. |
| What are the standards for wearing a mask? | Fits snugly against face, and stays in place during procedure, change after each procedure. |
| Describe the protective clothing worn in a dental office. | Uniforms, laboratory coats, gowns, and clinical jackets. |
| How should contaminated protective clothing be removed? | Keep the side of clothing that is possibly contaminated with pathogens folded inward. |
| Define cleaning. | The physical removal of organic material such as blood, tissue, and debris. |
| Define disinfection. | Occurs when SOME microorganisms are destroyed. |
| Define sterilization. | ALL forms of microorganisms are destroyed. |
| What is the accepted technique for cleaning and disinfecting surfaces. | Spay-wipe spray-wipe technique. |
| What does high-level disinfection kill? | Most but not all bacterial spores. |
| What does intermediate-level disinfection kill? | Does not kill bacterial spores. |
| What does low-level disinfection kill? | Viruses, and fungi, and most bacterial microorganisms. |
| What does the different disinfection materials irritate? | Skin, eyes, and mucous membrane. |
| Why is sodium hypochlorite not used often in the dental office? | Solution is unstable, needs to mixed daily. |
| Why is alcohol not used as a disinfection agent? | It evaporates so quick that its difficult to have surface contact for the length of time necessary to be effective, Only cleans. |
| What is a holding bath? | A pre-cleaning, A solution that loosens hardened debris from the instruments prior to cleaning and sterilization. |
| Can a holding bath disinfect instruments? | It cannot disinfect, Just starts the process. |
| How does the ultrasonic cleaner work? | Sound waves travel through glass and metal using a special solution to clean debris from instruments. |
| Define cavitation process. | Bubbles are formed, bubbles Implode and produce a cleaning effect, takes 3-10 minutes. |
| What replaces hand scrubbing instruments? | Ultrasonic cleaning. |
| What needs to be done to the instruments after they are cleaned in the ultrasonic and before they are put into the sterilization package? | Rinsed and dried thoroughly and may also be placed in an alcohol bath to assist in the drying process. |
| How long does liquid chemical disinfectant take to sterilize? | 6-10 hours at room temp. |
| What happens if something is added to the liquid chemical during the sterilization process? | The process is started over. |
| How does the autoclave sterilize? | Uses steam under pressure to quickly sterilize items. |
| What is the preferred method of sterilization for instruments with sharp cutting edges? | Dryheat sterilization. |
| Which sterilizing method uses distilled water? | Steam under pressure. Also known as the autoclave. |
| What can cause sterilization failure? | Rinsing with water that is not sterilized, wrapping instrument improperly, and overloading. |
| What does a hissing sound mean on a sterilizer? | The gasket around the door may be damaged. |
| What is the best way to maintain sterile instruments? | Store instrument in bag they were sterilized in. |
| What is the most accurate way to ensure that sterilization has occurred? | Biological monitors. |
| What shows that the package was exposed to heat in a sterilizer? | Process monitors. |
| What are other infection control techniques? | Pre- procedure antiseptic mouth rinses, high volume evacuation, dental dam usage, disposable items. |
| What is the most common pre-procedure mouth rinse used in the dental office? | 12% chlorhexidine gluconate. |
| What minimizes aerosol spray from hand pieces? | High volume Evacuation. |
| What are disposable items? | Single use items. |
| What area in the dental office can be overlooked and cross contamination can occur? | Dental radiography room and equipment, and Lab. |
| True or false? Latex allergens can result in contact dermatitis | True. |
| What is the principal organization for dentistry in the united states? | ADA. |
| Name the agency that is part of the U.S. public health service, a division of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, and is a source of many regulations. | CDC. |
| What does CDC stand for? | Center for Disease Control. |
| What does ADA stand for? | American Dental Association. |
| An employee that would have any occupational exposure to blood would be what category? | Category 1. |
| Items in the dental office such as sterilizers and PPE are regulated by? | FDA. |
| What cycle is perpetuated when pathogens are allowed to pass from Dentist to patient or patient to Dentist? | Cross-contamination. |
| One of the primary concerns of handwashing is to? | Remove the transient microorganisms, because they constitute the group that includes hepatitis. |
| Who developed a standard for the design and characteristics of occupational eyewear/glasses? | ANSI. |
| Uses heat at 340 degrees F? | Dry Heat. |
| Uses 250 degrees F? | Steam Autoclave. |
| Requires 10 hours in solution. | Liquid chemical disinfectant. |
| Must be 270 degrees F. | Chemical Vapor. |
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