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Ch 2 Study Guide
Term | Definition |
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arithmetic density | The population of a country or region expressed as an average per unit area. The figure is derived by dividing the population of the areal unit by the number of square kilometers or miles that make up the unit. |
census | A periodic and official count of a country’s population. |
child mortality rate (CMR) | A figure that describes the number of children that die between the first and fifth years of their lives in a given population. |
crude death rate (CDR) | The number of deaths yearly per thousand people in a population. |
crude birth rate (CBR) | The number of live births yearly per thousand people in a population. |
demographic transition model (DTM) | Multistage model, based on Western Europe’s experience, of changes in population growth exhibited by countries undergoing industrialization. High birth rates and death rates are followed by plunging death rates, producing a huge net population gain. |
doubling time | The time required for a population to double in size. |
endemic | A disease that is particular to a locality or region. |
family planning | |
infant mortality rate (IMR) | A figure that describes the number of babies that die within the first year of their lives in a given population. |
life expectancy | A figure indicating how long, on average, a person may be expected to live. Normally expressed in the context of a particular state. |
Thomas Malthus | |
megalopolis | Term used to designate large coalescing supercities that are forming in diverse parts of the world; formerly used specifically with an uppercase “M” to refer to the Boston—Washington multimetropolitan corridor on the northeastern seaboard of the US. |
natural increase rate (NIR, RNI) | Population growth measured as the excess of live births over deaths. Natural increase of a population does not reflect either emigrant or immigrant movements. |
Neomalthusians | |
physiological density | The number of people per unit area of arable land. |
population pyramid | Visual representations of the age and sex composition of a population whereby the percentage of each age group (generally five-year increments) is represented by a horizontal bar the length of which represents its relationship to the total population. |
total fertility rate (TFR) | the average number of children born to a woman during her childbearing years. |
zero population growth | a state in which a population is maintained at a constant level because the number of deaths is exactly offset by the number of births. |