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Moduel 5
Safe Medication Administration
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| When identifying a patient how many identifiers do you need? | At least 2 (ex. name and date of birth) |
| What does affinity refer to? | The force of attraction |
| Agonists | The chemical fits well and the chemical response is good. |
| Antagonists | Medication attaches to the receptor site without producing a new chemical reaction |
| What are Pharmacokinetics | The study of how the medications -enter the body -reach the site of action -are metabolized -are exerted from the body |
| What is absorption | the passage of medication molecules into the blood from the site of administration |
| What is distribution | Address the way that medications move to the sites of action in the body |
| What is metabolism | Chemical reactions by which a medication is broken down until it becomes chemically inactive |
| What is excretion | Process of medication elimination from the body via GI tract, kidneys, or other body secretions |
| A patient has renal disease which area of pharmacokinetics will be effected | Excretion |
| Medication actions include | Therapeutic effects, side effects, adverse reactions, toxic effects, idiosyncratic reactions, allergy reactions |
| When do toxic effects happen | develop after prolonged intake of a medication or when a medication accumulates in the blood because of impaired metabolism or excertion |
| What are antidotes | are available to treat specific types of medication toxicity |
| What is idiosyncratic | is when a patient overreacts or underreacts to a medication or has a reaction different from normal |
| What are anaphylactic reactions | severe and life threating. |
| What are medications known to produce tolerance | alkaloids, nitrates, and ethyl alcohol |
| What are 2 type of medication dependence | physical or psychological( addition) |
| The minimum effective concentration (MEC) | the plasma level of the medication below which the effect of the medication does not occur |
| Onset of medication action | Period of time it takes after you administer a medication for it to produce a therapeutic effect |
| Peak action | time it takes for a medication to reach its highest effective peak concentration |
| Trough | minimum blood serum concentration of medication reached just before the next scheduled dose |
| Duration of action | Length of time during which the medication is present in a concentration great enough to produce a therapeutic effect |
| Plateau | Blood serum concentration reached and maintained after repeated, fixed doses |
| When is the peak and trough levels drawn | The trough is drawn 30 minutes before the medication is administered, and the peak is drawn when peak concentration occurs |
| What is a synergistic effect | 2 medications working together cooperatively and produce a greater result |
| 6 rights of medication administration | the right medication, the right dose, the right patient, the right route, the right time, and the right documentation |
| What mediations do you need another nurse to verify your calculations? | Anticoagulant, insulin, and IV push medications |
| Never crush medications that | Are given sublingually, enteric coated, or are time released |
| Examples of time released drugs | XR: extended release CR: controlled release LA: long acting SR: slow release |
| If the route of the medication is missing or if the specified route is not the recommended route what do you do? | Consult with the health care provider immediately |
| What are common routes for absorption | Oral, sublingual (under tongue), buccal (between gum and check), 3 topical routes, inhalation, instillation, 4 parenteral routes(ID, IV, IM, and Subcut) |
| When do you administer time-critical medications | at a precise time or 30 minutes before or 30 minutes after the scheduled time |
| When do you administer non-time critical medications | within 1-2 hours of their scheduled time |
| What do you need to document when giving a medication | name of the medication, the dose, the time of administration, and the route on the patient's eMAR. Also document the site of any injections and the patient's response to medications. |
| What should medication labels include | the trade name, the generic name, the dosage, the form of the medication, the expiration date, the lot number, the name of the manufacture, the total amount or volume in the container |
| What is the nurse responsible for when it comes to giving medications to a patient | •Monitoring patients' responses to medications, •Providing education to the patient and/or family about the medication regimen, •Informing the health care provider when medications are effective, ineffective, or unnecessary, •Assessing the patient |
| When administering medications what should be met | patient achieves the medications therapeutic effect, patient does not experience complications related to the method of administration, will understand how to administer medication to self safely |
| Medication errors include | inaccurate prescribing, administration of the wrong medication, administration by the wrong route, at the wrong time interval, extra doses or wrong dose, failure to administer a medication |
| What does an incident report include | patient identifying information, location and time of incident, an accurate and factual description of what occurred and what was done, signature of nurse involved |
| Can administrating oral medications be delegated to the NAP | no but they can report to the nurse if the patients condition worsen or changes, and they should know their side effects and report their occurrence |
| When should medications be given that need an empty stomach for absorption | 1 hour before or 2 hours after a meal |
| Can antacids impair medication absorption | yes |
| Where are enteric-coated medications designed to absorb | in the small intestine |
| What equipment do you need when administrating oral medication | •MAR •Disposable medication cups •Glass of water, juice, or preferred liquid and drinking straw •Paper towels •Clean gloves (if handling an oral medication) •Device for crushing or splitting tablets (optional) |
| How long do sublingual or buccal medications take action | in as little as 15 minutes or less |
Created by:
spilkington11
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