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Microbiology 1
First Aid: Microbiology 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What component is unique to gram positive cell walls? | Techoic acid |
| What component is unique to gram negative cell walls? | Lipopolysaccharide (LPS); Endotoxin |
| Treponema do not gram stain well, so what method would be used to visualize this bacteria? | Darkfield microscopy and fluorescent antibody staining |
| Mycobacteria do not gram stain well so what method is used to visualize them? | Acid fast |
| Legionella do not gram stain well so what method is used to visualize them? | Silver stain |
| What is more fatal, exotoxin or endotoxin? | exotoxin |
| What induces high-titer antibodies and is used in vaccines, exotoxin or endotoxin? | exotoxin |
| Which is NOT secreted from the cell, exotoxin or endotoxin? | endotoxin |
| Binds directly to MHC-II and T-cell receptor activating T cells to release IFN-gamma and IL-2 | Superantigens; TSST-1 |
| Responsible for toxic shock syndrome? | TSST-1 released by Staph. aureus; Strep. pyogenes can also cause toxic shock-like symptoms |
| Most common cause of meningitis, otitis media (children), pneumonia, and sinusitis | Streptococcus pneumonia; "MOPS" |
| ADP-ribosylating toxin of this organism inactivates EF-2 leading to pseudomembranous pharyngitis? | Corynebacterium diptheriae (Pseudomonas also inactivate EF-2 but more closely related to burn victims not pharyngitis) |
| ADP ribosylating toxin of these organism leads to G protein stimulation of adenylyl cyclase. B component has a preference for intestinal epithelium. | Vibrio cholerae; E. coli has a heat labile toxin that works in a similar manner to cause watery diarrhea |
| This organisms heat stable toxin stimulates guanylate cyclase (instead of adenylate cyclase like its heat labile counterpart) | E. coli |
| ADP ribosylating toxin stimulates adenylate cyclase to cause whooping cough? | Bordetella pertussis |
| The alpha-toxin of this organism causes gas gangrene and double zone of hemolysis on blood agar. | Clostridium perfringens |
| Toxin of this organism blocks the release of inhibitory neurotransmitter glycine? | C. tetani; causes "lockjaw" |
| Toxin of this organism blocks the release of acetylcholine? | C. botulinum; causes flaccid paralysis "floppy baby" |
| Toxin of this organism kills enterocytes resulting in pseudomembranous colitis? | C. difficile, often secondary to the antibiotic clindamycin or ampicillin |
| This toxin cleaves host cell rRNA? | Shiga toxin produced by shigella (also produced by some strains of E. coli) |
| The toxin of this organism is a hemolysin? | streptolysin O of S. pyogenes(Beta hemolytic) |
| Endotoxin activates release of what factors from macrophages? | IL-1 (fever), TNF (fever, hemorrhagic tissue necrosis), NO (hypotension) |
| Endotoxin activates which members of the complement pathway? | C3a and C5a |
| Endotoxin activates what factor to cause DIC? | Hageman factor |
| How would you differentiate between N. meningitidis and N. gonorrhoeae (lab test)? | Meningitidis ferments maltose and gonorrhoeae does not |
| How would you differentiate between the cocci staphylococcus and streptococcus? | Staph is catalase positive and strep is catalase negative |
| What are 3 common gram positive rods? | Clostridium, listeria, bacillus, corynebacterium |
| This coccoid rod requires chocolate agar with factor V and X for isolation. | Haemophilus influenzae |
| This obligate aerobe requires a Lowenstein-Jensen agar for isolation? | M. tuberculosis |
| PAS positive macrophages are found in this disease. | Whipple's disease |
| This organism is identified by india ink. | Cryptococcus neoformans |
| This two organisms are difficult to gram stain because they can't make their own ATP. | Rickettsia and chlamydia, intracellular organisms |
| How would you distinguish strep pneumonia from viridans streptococci? | Both are catalase negative (strep) and alpha hemolytic; pneumo is optochin sensitive and viridans is optochin resistant |
| Ingestion of this gram positive cocci's preformed toxin is a common cause of food poisening. | Staphylococcus aureus |
| This organisms of normal flora can cause subacute endocarditis? | Viridans streptococci (often as dental procedure sequelae) |
| This organism of normal flora can infect prosthetic devices, catheters, and contaminate blood cultures. | Staphylococcus epidermidis |
| This gram positive, spore forming bacilli produces an alpha toxin that can cause myonecrosis, gas gangrene, or hemolysis. | C. perfringens |
| Gram positive, spore forming bacilli that can cause painless ulceration on skin contact or progressive pulmonary problems on inhalation. | Bacillus anthracis |
| Treatment for gram-positive rods forming long branching filaments resembling fungi. | Actinomyces israelii and Nocardia asteroides; SNAP (Sulfa for Nocordia, Actinomyces use Penicillin) |
| The outer membrane layer of these organisms inhibit entry of penicillin G and vancomycin. | Gram negative bugs; some may however be susceptible to derivatives of penicillin G such as ampicillin |
Created by:
rahjohnson
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