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NUR 303: Ch 19 & 22
Heart and Neck Vessels & Peripheral Vascular System and Lymphatic System
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Angina pectoris | acute chest pain that occurs when myocardial demand exceeds its oxygen supply |
| Aortic regurgitation | (aortic insufficiency) incompetent aortic valve that allows backward flow of blood into left ventricle during diastole |
| Aortic stenosis | calcification of aortic valve cusps that restricts forward flow of blood during systole |
| Aortic valve | the left semilunar valve separating the left ventricle and the aorta |
| Apex of the heart | tip of the heart pointing down toward the 5th left intercostal space |
| Apical impulse | point of maximal impulse (PMI); pulsation created as the left ventricle rotates against the chest wall during systole, normally at the 5th left intercostal space in the midclavicular line |
| Base of the heart | broader area of heart's outline located at the 3rd right and left intercostal spaces |
| Bell (of the stethoscope) | cup-shaped endpiece used for soft, low-pitched heart sounds |
| Bradycardia | slow heart rate, less than 50 beats per minute in the adult |
| Clubbing | bulbous enlargement of distal phalanges of fingers and toes that occurs with chronic cyanotic heart and lung conditions |
| Coarctation of aorta | severe narrowing of the descending aorta, a congenital heart defect |
| Cor pulmonale | right ventricular hypertrophy and heart failure due to pulmonary hypertension |
| Cyanosis | dusky blue mottling of the skin and mucous membranes due to excessive amount of reduced hemoglobin in the blood |
| Diaphragm (of the stethoscope) | flat endpiece of the stethoscope used for hearing relatively high-pitched heart sounds |
| Diastole | the heart's filling phase |
| Dyspnea | difficult, labored breathing |
| Edema | swelling of legs or dependent body part due to increased interstitial fluid |
| Erb's point | traditional auscultatory area in the 3rd left intercostal space |
| First heart sound (S1) | occurs with closure of the atrioventricular valves signaling the beginning of systole |
| Fourth heart sound (S4) | S4 gallop, atrial gallop; very soft, low-pitched ventricular filling sound that occurs in late diastole |
| Gallop rhythm | the addition of a 3rd or a 4th heart sound; makes the rhythm sound like the cadence of a galloping horse |
| Inching | technique of moving the stethoscope incrementally across the precordium through the auscultatory areas while listening to the heart sounds |
| Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) | increase in thickness of myocardial wall that occurs when the heart pumps against chronic outflow obstruction (e.g., aortic stenosis) |
| Midclavicular line (MCL) | imaginary vertical line bisecting the middle of the clavicle in each hemithorax |
| Mitral regurgitation | mitral insufficiency; incompetent mitral valve allows regurgitation of blood back into left atrium during systole |
| Mitral stenosis | calcified mitral valve impedes forward flow of blood into left ventricle during diastole |
| Mitral valve | left atrioventricular valve separating the left atrium and ventricle |
| Palpitation | uncomfortable awareness of rapid or irregular heart rate |
| Paradoxical splitting | opposite of a normal split S2 so that the split is heart in expiration, and in inspiration the sounds fuse to one sound |
| Pericardial friction rub | high-pitched, scratchy extracardiac sound heard when the precordium is inflamed |
| Physiologic splitting | normal variation in S2 heard as two separate compenents during inspiration |
| Precordium | area of the chest wall overlying the heart and great vessels |
| Pulmonic regurgitation | pulmonic insufficiency; backflow of blood through incompetent pulmonic valve into the right ventricle |
| Pulmonic stenosis | calcification of pulmonic valve that restricts forward flow of blood during systole |
| Pulmonic valve | right semilunar valve separating the right ventricle and pulmonary artery |
| Second heart sound (S2) | occurs with closure of the semilunar valves, aortic and pulmonic; signals the end of systole |
| Summation gallop | abnormal mid-diastolic heart sound heard when both the pathologic S3 and S4 are present |
| Syncope | temporary loss of consciousness due to decreased cerebral blood flow (fainting); caused by ventricular asystole, pronounced bradycardia, or ventricular fibrillation. |
| Systole | the heart's pumping phase |
| Tachycardia | rapid heart rate, greater than 95 beats per minute in the adult |
| Third heart sound (S3) | soft, low-pitched ventricular filling sound that occurs in early diastole (S3 gallop) and may be an early sign or heart failure |
| Thrill | palpable vibration on the chest wall accompanying severe heart murmur |
| Tricuspid valve | right atrioventricular valve separating the right atrium and ventricle |
| Allen test | test that determines the patency of the radial and ulnar arteries by compressing one artery site and observing return of skin color as evidence of patency of the other artery. |
| Aneurysm | defect or sac formed by dilation in artery wall due to atherosclerosis, trauma, or congenital defect |
| Arrhythmia | variation from the heart's normal rhythm |
| Arteriosclerosis | thickening and loss of elasticity of the arterial walls |
| Atherosclerosis | plaques of fatty deposits formed in the inner layer (intima) of the arteries |
| Bradycardia | slow heart rate, less than 50 beats per minute in the adult |
| Bruit | blowing, swooshing sound heard through a stethoscope when an artery is partially occluded |
| Cyanosis | dusky blue mottling of the skin and mucous membranes due to excessive amount of reduced hemoglobin in the blood |
| Diastole | the heart's filling phase |
| Ischemia | deficiency of arterial blood to a body part due to constriction or obstruction of a blood vessel |
| Lymph nodes | small oval clumps of lymphatic tissue located at grouped intervals along lymphatic vessels |
| Lymphedema | swelling of extremity due to obstructed lymph channel, nonpitting |
| Pitting edema | indention left after examiner depresses the skin over swollen edematous tissue |
| Profile sign | viewing the finger from the side to detect early clubbing |
| Pulse | pressure wave created by each heartbeat, palpable at body sites where the artery lies close to the skin and over a bone |
| Pulsus alternans | regular rhythm, but force of pulse varies with alternating beats of large and small amplitude |
| Pulsus bigeminus | irregular rhythm; every other beat is premature; premature beats have weakened amplitude |
| Pulsus paradoxus | beats have weaker amplitude with respiratory inspiration, stronger with expiration |
| Systole | the heart's pumping phase |
| Tachycardia | rapid heart rate, more than 95 beats per minute in the adult |
| Thrombophlebitis | inflammation of the vein associated with thrombus formation |
| Ulcer | open skin lesion extending into dermis, with sloughing of necrotic inflammatory tissue |
| Varicose veins | dilated tortuous veins with incompetent valves |
Created by:
katelynreid
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