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Pharm Immunlogical
NRTC
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Antihistamines | diphenhydramine (Benadryl) loratadine (Claritin) cetirzine (Zyrtec) |
glucocorticoids due what | immunosuppresant and anti inflammatory |
NSAIDS | treat inflammation. pain and fever |
immunosuppresants | treat autoimmune disorders, organ transplants |
antihelmetics | treat parasites (worms) |
pediculicides | treatment for lice (permethrin cream, Elimite, NIX) |
scabicides | scabies (permethrin, lindane) |
antineoplastics | cancer tx (chemo) |
pencillins (-cillins) | penicillin G (Bicillin LA) ampicillin (Principen), piperacillin tazobactam (Zosyn) methicillin;amoxicillin (Augmentin) |
penicillins work by | destroying bacteria by weakening the bacterial cell wall |
penicillins side effects | allergies/anaphylaxis, renal impairment, hyperkalemia/dysrhthmias or hypernatremia |
do not use pencillins if a patient has a history of | allergies to cephalosporins or penicillin or if pt has kidney dysfunctions because of cross reaction |
penicillin nursing interventions | penicillin & amoxicillin take with food all others take with full glass of water 1 to 2 hours before eating complete the entire course lab tests for Bun & creatine |
cephalosporins (cef-) | 4 generations and each tougher than the last |
cephalosporins side effects | hypersensitivity/anaphylaxis bleeding tendencies (caution with drug thinners) pain with IM injections no pt with renal or bleeding tendencies |
cephalosporins nursing interventions | take full prescription take oral with food store oral in refridgerator |
monobactams | vancomycin (Vancocin) fosfomycin (Monurol) |
monobactams uses | MRSA or C-DIFF |
monobactams side effects | ototoxicity, infusion reactions, thrombophlebitis |
can you use monobactams with otic medicaitons | False |
can you use monobactums with loop diuretics | False |
can you use monobacutms on patients with renal dysfunciton | no |
monobactums is hard on the veins | true |
peak and troughs for monobactums | true |
tetracyclines (-cyclines) | teracyclines (Sumycin) doxycycline (Vibramycin), minocylcine (Minocin) |
teracycline can be given at bedtime | false |
peaks and troughs are usually drawn every 72 hours | true |
side effect of tetracycline on the teeth | yellow/brown tooth discoloration and erosion of tooth enamel |
other side effects of teracycline | heptatoxicity and photosensitivity |
do not use teracyclines after what month of pregnancy and in children under what age | 4th month and children under the age of 8 |
liver and renal patients need to use teracyclines with caution | true |
can you drink milk or take calcium supplements while taking tetracyclines | NO |
take tertacycline on an empty stomach with a full glass of water | true |
are oral contraceptives effective if you are taking tetracylcine | no |
trough is the lowest dose of the med | true |
peak happens at what time frame after the infusion | 30 minutes to 2 hours |
macrolides | erthromycin (E-Mycin) azithromycin (Zithromax) |
what antibiotic is used for patients with penicillin allergy | Macrolides |
side effects of macrolides | gi discomfort, heptatoxicity, cardiac dysrhthmias |
what drug interacts with Macrolides | warfarin |
macrolides nursing interventions | take 1 hour before meals or 2 hours after with full glass of water IV route is rarely used |
aminoglycosides | gentamicin (Garamycin) |
aminoglycosides side effects | ototoxity, nphrotoxicity, streptomycin-neurologic disorder |
do not use aminoglycosides with patients who have preexisting hearing loss or with pts taking loop diuretics | true |
monitor peak and troughs in aminoglycosides for aminoglycoside levels | true |
trimethoprim & sulfonamides | trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim) |
timethoprim-sulfamethoxazole side effects | hypersensitivity, crystalluria, photosensitivity |
timethoprim-sulfamethoxazole interactions | warfarin (Comadin), phenytoin (Dilantin) sufonylurea oral hypoglycemics |
timethoprim-sulfamethoxazole nursing interventions | take on an empty stomach, maintain fluid, hard on the kidneys Drink lots of H2o |
Fluoroquinolones | ciprofloxacin (Cipro) ofloxacin (Floxin) lomefloaxin (Maxaquin) |
Fluoroquinolones side effects | gi discomfort so take with food, hepatoxicity, achilles tendon rupture and supra infection (thrush and yeast) phototoxicity |
Fluoroquinolones interactions | theophylline & warfarin- levels will increase if using cipro milk/dairy products/magnesium antacids decrease the absorption of cipro do not take if under 18 years old due to Achilles tendon rupture |
antiprotozoals | metronidazole (Flagyl) |
antiprotozoals are used for | treating protozoal infections like C-Diff and trichomoniasis |
antiprotozoals side effects | gi distress, metallic taste, dry mouth, CNS symptoms like numbness of extremities, seizures and severe headache. Stop ASAP and contact PCP |
antiprotozoals interactions | warfarin, ETOH acts like Antabuse |
antifungals | ketoconazole (Nizoral) nystatin (Mycostatin) miconazole (Monistat 3) clotrimazole (Lotrimin) terbinafine (Lamisil) fluconazole (Diflucan) |
antifugal uses | systemic fungal infections superfical fungal infections like athletes foot, jock itch and nail fungus |
antifugal side effects | heptatoxicity/nephrotoxicity effects sex hormones (effects sex hormones) avoid use in people with reduced renal function |
antivirals | acyclovir (Zovirax) oseltamivir (Tamiflu) ganciclovir (Cytovene) |
antiviral uses | acyclovir is used for herpes and varicella zoster infections Oseltamivir types A & B influenza |
antiviral side effects | nephrotosicity mild GI discomfort with oral meds |
anti viral interventions | topical use gloves to avoid transfer maintain hydration and monitor for signs of inflitration take with food if GI symptoms occur |