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Rad 112 CH 1
Notecards to Study
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Matter | anything that occupies space |
| Mass | is the quantity of matter contained in any physical object |
| kilogram | s the scientific unit of mass – “kilo” stands for “1000” – A “kilogram” (kg) is equal to 1000 grams |
| Weight | describes the mass of an object in a gravitational field |
| Energy | ability to do work |
| The joule | the unit of work |
| Potential energy | ability to do work due to position |
| Kinetic energy | energy of motion |
| Chemical energy | energy released by a chemical reaction |
| Electrical energy | work that can be done when an electron or electronic charge moves through an electric potential |
| Thermal energy (heat) | energy of motion at the molecular level (kinetic energy of molecules) |
| Nuclear energy | energy contained in the nucleus of an atom |
| Electromagnetic energy | energy resulting from electric and magnetic disturbances in space |
| radiation | Energy emitted through space is called |
| exposed or irradiated | Matter that intercepts radiation and absorbs part or all of it |
| Ionizing radiation | any kind of radiation capable of removing an orbital electron from the atom with which it interacts |
| ionization | occurs when an x-ray passes close enough to an atom to transfer sufficient energy to the electron to cause it to escape from its atom |
| ion pair | The orbital electron and the atom from which it was separated |
| 2 main Sources of Ionizing Radiation | – Naturally environmental radiation – Man-made radiation |
| Natural environmental radiation consist of 3 components | – Cosmic rays – Terrestrial radiation – Internally deposited radionuclides |
| Discovery of x-rays | 1895 |
| Thomas Edison develops fluoroscope | 1898 |
| Collimation and filtration developed | 1899 |
| Snook transformer developed offering more controlled voltage and current production | 1907 |
| Coolidge hot filament x-ray tube developed to replace cold filament Crookes tube. Used with the Snook transformer it gave greater accuracy in use of the voltage and current so specific techniques could be used for each body part | 1913 |
| ASRT (first professional organization) developed | 1920 |
| First grid to removed scattered radiation | 1921 |
| First automatic processor | 1942 |
| Image intensifier tube developed for fluoroscopy screens | 1948 |
| Tomography developed | 1951 |
| Ultrasound | 1966 |
| PET and CT | 1970s |
| MRI | 80s |
| CR, DR | 2000s |
| Clarence Dally, Thomas Edison’s assistant, had to have both his arms amputated and died in | 1904 |
| ALARA | As Low As Reasonably Achievable |
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