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ch.12

pharm.

QuestionAnswer
drugs that have an inhibitory effect on the CNS to the degree that they reduce nervousness, excitability, irritability w/o causing sleep
cause sleep hypnotics
what can become a hypnotic if it is given in large doses sedative
sedative-hypnotic calms the CNS w/o inducing sleep low doses
sedative-hypnotic calms the CNS to the point of causing sleep high doses
first introduced in 1903, were the standard drugs for insomnia and sedation barbiturates
habit forming,low therapeutic index barbiturates
what are the four categories of barbiturates ultrashort,short,intermediate,long
anesthesia for short surgical procedures, other uses ultrashort
sedative-hypnotic and control of convulsive conditions short
sedative-hypnotic and control of convulsive conditions intermediate
sedative-hypnotic, epileptic seizure prophylaxis, other uses as well long
have a very narrow therapeutic index barbiturates
barbiturates site of action brainstem (reticular formation)
barbiturates drug effects sedative effects-low doses, hypnotic effects (also low respiratory rate)-high doses and result is shortened duration of action
combined with alcohol is extremely dangerous barbiturates
A.E. for barbiturates respiratory depression
anything with barbital barbiturates
additive effects of barbiturates ETOH, antihistamines,benzodiazepines, opioids, tranquilizers
uncontrolled seizures phenobarbital coma
alot safer and does not suppress REM sleep benzodiazepines
sedative-hypnotic and anxiolytic(medication that relieves anxiety) classification of benzodiazepines
only drug approved for long term use is lunesta
long acting drugs are estazolam (prosom), flurazepam (Dalmane),
short acting drugs are temazepam (Restoril), triazolam (halcion)
CNS depressants nonbenzodiazepine hypnotics
Nonbenzodiazepine hypnotics zalepion (Sonata), zolpidem (Ambien), eszoplicone (Lunesta)
do not suppress REM sleep as much as barbiturates do benzodiazepine receptors
benzodiazepines indications sedation,sleep induction, skeletal muscle relaxation, anxeity relief, treatment of alcohol withdrawl, agitation, depression, epilespy, balanced anesthesia, moderate and conscious sedation
benzodiazepines adverse effects headache, drowsiness, dizziness, vertigo, lethargy, fall hazards for frail elderly patients, hangover effect
benzodiazepines nursing implications give 15 to 30 minutes before bedtime for max. effectiveness in inducing sleep
benzodiazepines nursing implications most of these cause REM rebound and a tired feeling the next day, use with caution in the elderly
benzodiazepines nursing implications patients should be instructed to avoid alcohol and other CNS depressants
benzodiazepines nursing implications check with physician before taking any other medications, including OTC medications
benzodiazepines nursing implications rebound insomnia may occur for a few nights after 3-4 week regimen has been discontinued
Created by: Aman9ms
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