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Diabetes
Stack #204203
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| NO INSULIN OR VERY LOW INSULIN resulting in disorders of metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats | DIABETIC KETOACIDOSIS |
| UNDIAGNOSED DIABETES, IMPROPER DIET, STRESS, SURGERY, ILLNESS, INFECTION, AND INADEQUATE PRESCRIPTION OF MEDICATIONS | CAUSES OF DKA |
| INSULIN DEFICIT, THE BODY PULLS FROM STORED GLYCOGEN, PROTEIN, AND FAT STORES (METABOLIZING FAT FOR ENERGY) | DKA PATHO |
| FREE FATTY ACIDS FORM GLYCEROL, GLYCEROL FORM KETONES WHICH DROP THE SERUM pH LEVELS WHICH LEADS TO | METABOLIC ACIDOSIS |
| POLYPHAGIA | EXCESSIVE HUNGER DUE TO CELLS NOT BEING NOURISHED WHICH LEADS TO WEIGHT LOSS |
| POLYDIPSIA | EXCESSIVE THIRST DUE TO HYPOTHALAMUS |
| POLYURIA | KIDNEYS HAVE REACHED THEIR RENAL THRESHHOLD |
| BLURRED VISION | CNS CELLS SHRINK |
| ANOREXIA | CELLS STARVED |
| DEHYDRATION | WATER AND SODIUM LOW |
| LOW BP, INCREASE PULSE RATE, WEAKNESS | LOW VOLUME |
| ALTERED LOC | CELLULAR DEHYDRATION |
| NAUSEA AND VOMITING, ABDOMINAL PAIN | GI MANISFESTATION OF DKA |
| KUSSMAUL'S RESPIRATION | RESPIRATORY SYSTEM TRYIN G TO COMPENSATE FOR ACIDOTIC STATE. |
| COMA/DEATH | IF DKA NOT TREATED |
| WHAT WILL BE GIVEN TO CORRECT ACIDOSIS? | INSULIN SSI REGULAR AND RAPID ACTING |
| WHAT IS A PATIENT WITH A BLOOD SUGAR >300 AT RISK FOR? | DIABETIC KETOACIDOSIS |
| WHAT IS THE NORMAL BLOOD SUGAR LEVEL? | 70-110 MG/DL |
| WHAT IV FLUID WOULD YOU EXPECT TO ADMINISTER TO A PATIENT WITH DKA? | .9NACL BECAUSE IT WILL REGULATE THE CONCENTRATION IN THE ECF & ICF COMPARTMENT WHICH WILL CORRECT THE INTRAVASCULAR COMPARTMENT. |
| WHAT IS HHNS? | HYPERGLYCEMIC HYPEROSMOLAR NONKETOTIC SYNDROME |
| WHO GETS HHNS THE MOST? | ADULTS AGE 50 - 70. |
| A PT PRESENTS WITH A BLOOD SUGAR > 800. | HHNS |
| INFECTION(PNEUMONIA) INSULIN RESISTANCE, DIALYSIS, TUBE FEEDINGS, UNDIAGNOSED DIABETES AND PERSONS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES | CAUSES OF HHNS |
| HYPOTENSION, PROFOUND DEHYDRATION, TACHYCARDIA, NEUROLOGIC SIGHNS (ALTERATION IN SENSORIUM, SEIZURES, HEMIPARESIS) | SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF HHNS |
| WHAT IS THE MORTALITY RATE OF A PERSON WITH HHNS? | 5 TO 30%. |
| PITUITARY, ADRENAL, THYROID, PARATHYROID, ISLET CELLS OF THE PANCREAS AND GONADS | THE SIX GLANDS THAT MAKE UP THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM |
| SOMATOSTATIN | DELTA CELLS OF THE ISLET OF LANGERHANS SECRETE |
| THYROCALCITONIN (CALCITONIN) | SECRETED BY THE THYROID GLAND |
| CORTISOL | SECRETED BY THE ADRENAL CORTEX |
| EPINEPHRINE AND NOREPHINEPHRINE | SECRETED BY THE ADRENAL MEDULLA |
| GROWTH HORMONE, SOMATOTROPHIN | SECRETED BY THE ANTERIOR PITUITARY |
| GLUCAGON | SECRETED BY ALPHA CELLS OF THE ISLETS OF LANGERHANS |
| PARATHYROID HORMONE | SECRETED BY THE PARATHYROID |
| ALDOSTERONE | SECRETED BY THE ADRENAL CORTEX |
| T3(TRIIODOTHYRONINE), T4 (THYROXIN) | SECRETED BY THE THYROID GLAND |
| INSULIN | SECRETED BY THE BETA CELLS OF THE ISLETS OF LANGERHANS |
| ESTROGEN | SECRETED BY THE GONADS (OVARIES AND TESTES) |
| TESTOSTERONE | SECRETED BY THE TESTES |
| ANTIDIURETIC (VASOPRESSIN) | SECRETED BY THE POSTERIOR PITUITARY |
| OXYTOCIN | SECRETED BY THE POSTERIOR PITUITARY |
| THYROID STIMULATING HORMONE | SECRETED BY THE ANTERIOR PITUITARY |
| ACTH | SECRETED BY THE ANTERIOR PITUITARY |
| WHAT ASSESSMENT FINDINGS WOULD THE NURSE MONITOR IN RESPONSE TO CATECHOLAMINES (EPINEPHRINE AND NOREPINEPHRINE), RELEASED BY THE ADRENAL MEDULLA? FIGHT OR FLIGHT!!! | INCREASED HR, BP, BS DUE TO GLYCOGENOLYSIS, INCREASED PERSPIRATION AND DILATED PUPILS |
| TRUE OR FALSE. THE THYROID GLAND IS LOCATED POSTERIORLY IN THE NECK DIRECTLY BELOW THE CRICOID CARTILAGE. | FALSE IT IS LOCATED ANTERIORLY. |
| TRUE OR FALSE? THYROID HORMONE PRODUCTION DEPENDS ON SUFFICIENT IODINE AND PROTEIN INTAKE. | TRUE |
| THE THYROID GLAND HAS FOUR DISTINCT LOBES JOINED BY A THIN ISTHMUS. | FALSE IT HAS TWO LOBES. |
| TRUE OR FALSE. OXYGEN CONSUMPTION DECREASES IN RESPONSE TO THYROID HORMONES. | FALSE. OXYGEN CONSUMPTION INCREASES. |
| Does stress cause an increase or decrease in the production of cortisol from the adrenal cortex? | stress increases the production of cortisol |
| WHY DOES AN INCREASE IN CORTISOL (RELATED TO STRESS) CAUSE A INCREASED SUSCEPTBILITY TO COLD OR FLU? | BECAUSE STRESS TENDS TO WEAKEN THE BODY'S ABILITY TO FIGHT VIRUSES AND BACTERIAL INFECTIONS. CORTISOL AND SEVERE STRESS SUPPRESSES THE IMMUNE SYSTEM. |
| A PT IS SUSPECTED OF HAVING A PITUITARY TUMOR. WHAT RADIOGRAPHIC TEST WOULD AID IN DETERMINING THIS DIAGNOSIS? | CT/MRI |
| WHAT ARE NORMAL AGE RELATED CHANGES SEEN IN THE OLDER ADULT THAT ARE UNRELATED TO ENDOCRINE DISORDERS? | THICK, YELLOW NAILS AND DRY SKIN. |
| IDENTIFY THE SIX HORMONES THAT ARE PRODUCED AND RELEASED BY THE ANTERIOR PITUITARY GLAND. | SOMATOTROPHIN, TSH, ACTH, PROLACTIN, FSH, LH |
| IDENTIFY THE TWO HORMONES THAT ARE PRODUCED BY THE HYPOTHALAMUS THEN STORED AND SECRETED BY THE POSTERIOR PITUITARY GLAND. | ADH AND OXYTOCIN |
Created by:
MaryCrawford
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