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ch 18 head and neck
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Name four main bones of the body. | Frontal, Parietal, Temporal, Occipital |
| The brain is divided into two whats. | Hemisphere's |
| Name the four area's of the Brain. | Cerebrum, Cerebellum, Diencephalon, Brain Stem |
| What are the five functions of the Cerebrum. | Motor, sensory info, special senses, cognition, memory |
| What are the three functions of the Cerebellum. | Balance, coordination, smooth muscle control |
| What are the four functions of the diencephalon. | afferent routing, temp, water balance, emotions |
| What are the 3 functions of the brain stem. | HR, Resp R., peripheral blood flow |
| How many meninges are there. | three |
| What are the three meninges called. | Dura matter, arachnoid mater, pia matter |
| What is the sympathetic nervous system. | part of the cns that supplies the involuntary muscles. |
| what is the parasympathetic nervous system. | the system that controls smooth muscle contraction, slowing of the heart rate, and constriction of the pupil |
| How many vessels supply blood to the brain. | four |
| what vessels supply blood to the brain. | 2 common carotid arteries and 2 vertebral arteries. |
| What takes precedence over poss. of spinal fracture. | vital signs |
| What is retrograde amnesia. | when the athlete can not remember anything before the point of concussion (last week) |
| what is anteriograde amnesia. | when athlete cant remember stuff that happened after concussion. (3 words) |
| what is tinnitus. | ringing of the ears. |
| what is nystagmus. | involuntary eyeball side to side movement. |
| what is photophobia. | painful reaction to light. |
| what is a common complaint after brain trauma. | diffuse headaches |
| localized pain indicants what three things. | contusion, skull fracture, intracranial hemorrhage |
| what is a coup injury. | head injury when the stationary skull is hit by a moving object. pain on side of impact. |
| what is a contra coup injury. | head injury when the skull is moving at a high velocity and is suddenly stopped. Brain is traumatized on opposite side of primary trauma. |
| what is repeated sub concussive forces. | repeated non traumatic blows to the head |
| what are Rotational or shear forces. | sudden twisting forces or acceleration and deceleration that result in concussive symptoms. |
| what moi will usually cause the most catastrophic cervical spine injury. | flexion |
| Reports of muscular weakness in one or more extremities tells you what. | May indicate trauma to the brain, spinal cord, or one or more spinal nerve roots. |
| A Laterally flexed and rotated skull that is accompanied by muscle spasm on the side opposite that of the tilt may indicate what. | a dislocation of the cervical vertebra |
| what is ecchymosis behind the mastoid process. | Battle’s sign |
| Battle’s sign is indicative of what. | basilar skull fracture |
| Unilaterally dilated pupil may indicate what. | intracranial hemorrhage’s placing pressure cranial nerve III |
| Bleeding from the nose could represent what. | nasal fracture or a skull fracture |
| what is raccoon eyes. | Ecchymosis under the eyes that may indicate a skull or nasal fracture |
| what is the halo test testing for. | csf leakage coming out of the ears in the presence of skull fracture or trauma. |
| what is Decerebrate posture. | Extension of the extremities and retraction of the head. |
| what is Decorticate posture. | Flexion of the elbows and wrists, clenched fists, and extension of the lower extremity. |
| what is flexion contraction. | Arms flexed across the chest |
| What are three balance and coordination tests you should do. | Romberg Test, Tandem Walking, Balance Error Scoring System |
| If blood pressure doesn't decrease over time or increases over time what should be expected. | severe intracranial hemorrhage |
| a severe sign of consciousness would be what. | loss of consciousness longer than 10 sec or altered consciousness for less than two min. |
| what is anisocoria. | unequal pupil size. |
| Nystagmus can indicates what. | Indicates increased intracranial pressure or inner ear dysfunction. |
| What is post concussion syndrome. | Cognitive impairment following a cerebral concussion. |
| what is a Epidural Hematoma | Arterial bleeding between the dura mater and the skull. |
| what is a Subdural Hematoma. | Hematoma formation between the brain and dura mater. |
| what are the two types of subdural hematoma. | simple and complex. |
| what are the three types of skull fractures. | Linear, Comminuted, Depressed |
| what is a Jefferson's fracture. | fracture of a circular bone in two places. |
| Trauma to spinal cord above c4 has a high probability of what? | death |
| MOI of most cervical fractures or dislocations. | When the neck is forced into flexion and rotation (C4 to C6) |
| what is Transient Quadriplegia. | Body-wide state of decreased or absent sensory or and motor function. |
| MOI of Transient Quadriplegia. | cervical spine hyperextension, hyperflexion or a blow that produces an axial load. |
Created by:
shsuman152
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