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A& P Review Test 7

SOPN Resp Dysfuction Test 7 (1of 3)

QuestionAnswer
Primary function of Respirtory System? Gas exchange 02 to tissue removal CO2, defend against infection, snythesis of surfactant premitting expansion of lungs.
Thorax consists of what? Lungs & Mediastinum which includes the heart and major blood vessels. Sternum, 12 ribs and Diaphram muscle that seperates thoraic cavity from abdominal cavity.
Visceral Pleura: Layer attached directely to lung
Parietal Pluera: Layer attached directely to the thoracic wall, daphragm and mediastinum.
Pleural Space: Space between visceral and parietal pleura.
Purpose of Nasal Cavity? Warms, and filter air.
Pharynx: Nasopharynx is air passage above the soft palate, rises to black the nasopharynx during swallowing.
Oropharynx: Behind oral cavity and is for both air and food passage.
laryngopharynx: Both air and food passage opens anteriorly into the larynx and posterior to the esophagus.
Epiglottis: Covers Larynx during swallowing to prevent aspiration of food.
Trachea: Sits in front of the espphagus and has 16-20 C shaped cartilage rings opened to posterior.
Bronchi R & L mainstem bronchi split at the carina Ring shorter and wider, more aspiration in right lung than left, Bronchi branches to bronchioles.
Respiratory Muscosa Is composed of epithelium, cillia trap dirt & debris, under layer is smooth muscle.
What can paralyze the cilia? Smoking, alcohol, anesthesia, high O2, dyhedration and infection.
Alveoli Air sacs for gas exchange, 300 million, surrounded by pulmonary capillaries for 02 and C02 gas exchange
Surfactant Secreted by type II aveolli cells and prevents aveolar collape on expriation, decrease surface tension permitting inflation.
Macrophages withing the alveoli destroy bacterial & foreign particles.
Interstition Wall between alveoli, have elastic and collagen fibers which allow for the expansion and contration lung compliance.
Intrathoraic pressure: Is always NEGATIVE, allows for ventilation.
Inspiration: The active phase of ventialation the diaphragm contracts, flattens and moves downward increasing the thoraic cage increasing chest volume and increasing negative pressure moving air into the lungs.
Expiration: Normally pasive as muscle relax lungs recoil decreasing volume as he diaphragm elevates.
Respiratory Centers: Medulla oblongata cntral chemoreceptors, normally sensitive to carbon dioxide and hydrogen ion concentrations in the CSF.
Increases in CO2 or H ions: Increases ventilation or increased RR
What is the stimulus to breath? CO2 Level.
Peripheral chemoreceptors located in carotid and aortic bodies are stimulated when? When 02 is decreased, creating back up system especially for patient with respiratory disease especially *COPD*.
Respiration gas exchange done via? Diffusion
Gas is transfered two ways? 02 combined with HgB in the RBC's & dissolved in plasma.
Created by: keldog09
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