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ch12 out of many
chapter 12 out of many
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Lowell | built in 1823 was considered a model factory town because it allowed women to work in the textile mill factory. Called it “philanthropic manufacturing college” |
| “Just price” | set agreement among neighbors, not by some impersonal market for an item |
| Apprenticeship | an apprentice lived with the master craftsman and was treated more like a member of the family than an employee. |
| Duncan Phyfe and Stephen Allen | artisan who owe much of their success to the transportation revolution. Allen is elected major of New York. |
| National Road | in 1808 the grates single federal transportation expense. Tied the west and east together. |
| Erie canal | most famous canal of the era, brainchild of New York governor DeWitt Clinton who envisioned a link between NYC and the great lakes through the Hudson river, 364 mile lone canal stretching from Albany to Buffalo. At first called “Clinton’s Ditch” |
| Seneca Chief | firs boat to sail in the canal |
| Robert Fulton | created the first steamboat in 1807 |
| Railroads | opened first in 1830. |
| Cholera | was passed on to further inland cities due to the canals and railroads because they were able to move quickly. |
| Market revolution | the outcome of three interrelated developments: rapid improvements in transportation, commercialization, and industrialization |
| Commercialization | involved the replacement of household self~sufficiency and barter with the production of goods for cash market |
| Industrialization | involved the use of power~driven machinery to produce goods once made by hand |
| John Jacob Astor | created a fur trade with China and became one of the wealthiest people in America. |
| Mechanics Bank | found in 1814 by a group of Lynn’s Quaker merchants. |
| Putting out system | production of goods in private homes under the supervision of merchant who “put out” raw materials, paid a certain sum per finished piece, and sold the completed item to a distant market. |
| “Ten~footers” | houses where master artisans and their families worked together |
| Micajah Pratt | built large, two~story central workshops to replace the ten~footers. |
| Cincinnati | is known as “porkopolis” because of the importance of slaughter houses |
| John Deere | his steel plow invented in 1837 cut plow time in half |
| Cyprus McCormick | invented the reappear made in 1834 |
| Samuel Slater | worked as an apprentice at a cotton spinning factory, left as a disguised farmer and went to RI to meet Moses Brown and William Almy. He built copies of the machine. 1789 |
| 1816 | congress passed the first tariff, aimed largely against British cotton textiles |
| Francis Cabot Lowell | made an apparently casual tour of British textiles and created the Lowell mills. In 1814 he opened the world’s first integrated cotton mill in Waltham, near boston. |
| Paul Moody | went to work with Lowell and created the power loom off a copy of British’s. |
| Family mills | mills which hired out entire families to work |
| Erastus Fairbanks | scales and plow |
| Lemuel Hubbard | pumps |
| Nicanor Kendall | guns |
| American System | a technique of production pioneered in the U.S. that relied on precision manufacturing with the use of interchangeable parts |
| Simeon North and John Hall | created milling machines that could grind parts to the required specifications and brought the concept of fruition, North in 1816 and Hall in 1824 |
| Isaac Singer | patented the sewing machine in 1851 |
| Brahmins | nickname given to the upper class(derived from India) |
| Charles G. Finney | evangelist who began a series of dramatic revival meetings |
| Mother’s magazine | put out by Presbyterian church |
| Mother’s monthly journal | put out by the Baptists |
| Susan Warner | wrote the Wide Wide World in 1850 |
| Other authors | Lydia Maria Child, Catherine Sedgwick, and E.D.E.N. Southworth |
| Ralph Waldo Emerson | originally a Unitarian minister, quit the pulpit in 1832 and became a secular minister |
| Transcendentalism | a romantic philosophical theory claiming that there was an ideal, intuitive reality transcending ordinary life |
| Henry David Thoreau | pushed the implications of individualism. |
| Margaret Fuller | the most intellectually gifted of the transcendental circle was patronized by Emerson because she was a woman. |
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