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APUSH
CH. 23
Food for Thought | Significance |
---|---|
Samuel "Roxy" Rothapfel | theater designer |
Warren G. Harding | 1920 Election "return to normalcy" |
1920s-Postwar prsoperity | increase in production and wages, with decrease in average work week; unevenly distributed prosperity, leading to the Great Depression |
Second Industrial Revolution | industrial output increases to 70 percent in 1929; electrical engines replace steam powered ones; increase building construction |
Modern Corporation | Alfred P. Sloan of GM and Owen D. Young of Radio Corp. of America |
successful corp. were those that led in three key areas: | integration of production and distribution; product diversification, and expansion of industrial research |
Brand name buying | oligopoly: General Electric, Westinghouse, Great Atlantic and Pacific Tea Company (A&P) |
welfare capitalism | a paternalistic system of labor relations emphasizing management responsibility for employee well-being. |
open shop | employees were discouraged to join unions |
William Green | predecessor of Samuel Gompers of the AFL |
Auto Age | Henry Ford and GM; stimulated public spending, set new wage scale, leisurely transit, urban suburban growth |
Growth of cities and suburbs | Great Migration + auto industry |
Struggling Agriculturalists | 1914-19: "Golden Age" for farmers |
McNary-Haugen Farm Relief bill of 1927 | series of complicated measures designed to prop up and stabilize farm prices; gov't bought surplus and stored them until prices rose or sell them on the world market; vetoed by President Coolidge |
Ida Watkins "The Wheat Queen" | Some farmers prospered as they intertwined their industry with the growing use of easier transportation and better technology |
Coal Mines struggled | new methods of energy resulted in less demand for coal |
textile industry shrink | synthetic fibers (like rayon) becomes more popular than cotton, etc. |
New Mass Culture | movies; radio; journalism; advertising; phonograph/recording industry; sports/celebrity; |
The Jazz Singer | Warner Brothers's 1927 hit which fully introduced sound |
RCA, AT&T, GE, Westinghouse, etc. | dominant corporations in the radio broadcasting industry |
NBC (1926); CBS (1928) | radio networks |
Amos 'n' Andy Show (1928) | first truly national radio hit |
the tabloid | developed by Joseph m. Patterson of The New York Daily News in 1919 |
Walter Winchell | invented gossip column |
Sports and Celebrity | The Pittsburgh Crawfords: most popular and successful baseball teams in the NNL |
William K. Wrigley | Owner of the Cubs |
Mae West | presented her original play "The Drag" on Broadway |
Margaret Sanger | Birth Control Review |
Sigmund Freud, Havelock Ellis, Ellen Key | central role of sexuality in human experience |
18th Amendment repealed by the 20th Amendment in 1921 | concerning prohibition |
Volstead Act 1919 | est. Federal Prohibition Bureau |
Post 1890 | mass immigration from southern and eastern Europe, as opposed to northern and wester Europe |
"new immigrants" | mostly Catholic and Jewish, and darker skinned |
Madison Grant | THE PASSING OF THE GREAT RACE (1916): superiority of Nordic race |
pseudoscience and reasoning | provided argument for antiimmigration |
Immigration Act | 1921 act setting a maximum of 357000 new immigrants each year |
The Johnson-Reed Immigration Act 1924 | decreased the immigration quota |
Ozawa v. U.S. (1922) U.S. v. Thind (1923) | Japanese and Asian Indians were unassimilable aliens |
KKK; WKKK | anti-Catholic, racist, prohibition, etc. |
John T. Scope and Clarence Darrow; The Scopes "monkey trial" | respectively, teacher and trial lawyer |
Teapot Dome scandal | Interior Secretary Albert Fall; first cabinet officer to go to jail |
Andrew Mellon | Pittsburgh banker served as secretary of the treasury under all three Republican presidents of the 20s. believed gov't ought to be run on same conservative principles as a corporation. |
Herbert Hoover | "associated state"; mutual cooperation of deciding prices to lesson competition |
Kellogg-Briand Pact | grandly and naively renounced war in principle |
encouragement of closer ties between gov't and bankers | to expand American investment and economic influence abroad |
League of Women voters | formed in 1920 advocating women's rights,among whom the right for women to serve on juries and equal pay laws |
National Woman's Party (NWP) | founded by Alice Paul; women were subordinate to men in all aspects |
Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) | not accepted by all |
SHeppard-Towner ACt | first federal social welfare law providing federal funds for infants and maternity care |
Harlem Renaessance | new African American cultural awareness that flourished in literature art, and music in the 20s |
Marcus Garvey | Black is beautiful |
Sinclair Lewis | 1930 Nobel Prize for literature |
Hemingway; F. Scott Fitzgerald; John Dos Passos; | influential writers of the 20s |
the Fugitives |