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ROW 2 Com.
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Who is known for ritual studies | Victor Turner |
| What is the name of Victor Turner's Book and when was it published? | "The Ritual process" 1969 Structure and anti-structure |
| Neophytes | novice, newbie, newcomer |
| What is Liminality? | The transitional period in rituals. |
| Why does Becker have an over all positive view of religion? | because he knows for many people religion is functional. |
| What is Turners total focus on in the article Liminality and Communitas? | The transitional period |
| Van Gennep has shown that all rites of passage or "transition" are marked by three phases, what are the three stages? | separation, margin (or limen meaning threshold in latin) and aggregation |
| What stage or transition comprises symbolic behavior signifying the detachemnt of the individual or group either from an earlier fixed point in the social structure , from a set of cultural conditions or from both. | Separation |
| During the intervening "________" period the characteristics of the ritual subject are ambiguous, he passes through a cultural realm that has few or none of the attributes of the past or coming state. | liminal |
| In the third phase _______ or ________, the passage is over. The ritual subject, individual or corporate, is in a relatively stable state once more and by virtue of this, has rights and obligations in a realationship to others of a structural type. | Reaggregation or reincorporation |
| Transitional/liminal period because you don't have all the normal everyday rules and regulations to follow. | Anti-Structural period |
| When you go through a transitional period you go from structure to anti-structure to | structure |
| What are people like in the liminal stage? | They are neither here nor there. they are betwixt and between the positions assigned and arrayed by law , custom, convention, and ceremonial . |
| What is liminality frequently likened to? | death, to being in the womb, to invisibility, to darkness, to bisexuality, to the wilderness, to an eclipse of the sun or moon. Liminialty is linked to these things because they are not everyday states. |
| How does Turer describe the liminal stage? | it is as though they are being reduced or ground down to a uniform condition to be fashinoned anew and endowed with additional powers to enable them to cope with their new station in life. |
| What is an example of when Anti-structure becomes structure? | Christianity, all are equal, meek virtues, initially anti-structural. Through time they become part of every day life. Structural. |
| A _____ leveling takes place during the liminal period. All feed the same, all striped down the same, all treated the same. | social |
| Why is the social leveling in the liminal period not normal? | because society is usually structural |
| What is Turners main point in this article> | a dynamic process whereby society continues to remake itself. Going from structure to anti-structure to structure. |
| hierarchical system | different levels of power. |
| social life goes between | structure and anti-structure |
| Dialectical Structure | people do things one way then everyone complains, then they start doing a new thing. Ex. homosexuality |
| Normalization of Communitas | when anti-structure becomes structure. What was associated with the liminal period now becomes part of everyday life. |
| social life is a type of _______ ________ that involves successive experience of high and low communitas and structure, homogeneity and differntialtion, equality, and inequality. | dialectical |
| What is the Senior cheif installment ritualfor Ndembu | They treated him bad, they were rude and mean. |
| What are the main ingredients of the Kumukindyila rites? | The Chief and his wife are dressed identically in a ragged waist-cloth and share the same name. Mwadyi |
| What are high characteristics of liminality in the Ndembu cheif rituals? | sexlessness and anonymity |
| What happens in many kinds of initiations where the neophytes are both sexes? | males and females are dressed alike and referred to by the same term. |
| What are two other characteristics of the liminal period? | Submissiveness and silence. |
| Neophytes in many rites de passage have to submit to an authority that is nothing less than that of the | total community (representative of the whole gamut of culture's values norms, attributes, sentiments and relationships. It represents the generic authority of tradition. |
| The neophytes in liminality must be a tabula rasa, this means.. | a blank slate |
| Why a tabula rasa during the liminality stage? | because whatever knowledge you have, is no good. |
| Another liminality theme exemplified in the Ndembu installation rites is | sexual continence. This is an ever present theme of Ndembu rituals. The resumption of sexual relations is usually a ceremonial mark of the return to society as a structure of statues. |
| To be anti-structural would be to be____ have sex | not |
| What is an example of the normalization of Communitas? | A Priest |
| Where do muslims go and what do the men wear? | To mecca, two pieces of white cloth. |
| Androgynous | neither male nor female, an example budda-ex. of anti-structural state. |
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