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Neurological disease
Stack #210594
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| broca's aphagia is... | expressive aphasia (more common) |
| Wernicke's aphagia is... | receptive aphagia |
| sudden excessive electrical discharge of neurons altering brain function | epilepsy/seizures |
| LOC changes, drop, stiffness, jerking, can't swallow, lasts 2-5 minutes... type of seizure | Grand mal |
| Grand mal | Tonic-clonic seizure |
| absence seizure | staring into space, eyes rolling up |
| myoclonus seizure | single muscle group or multiple groups, loose conciousness, confused after |
| clonic seizure | rhythmic muscular contraction and relaxation lasting several minutes |
| tonic seizure | abrupt increase in muscle tone and muscle contraction |
| atonic seizures | total loss of muscle tone |
| benzodiazepenes for tx of grand mal seizures | diazepam (valium) and clonanzepam (Klonopin) |
| Tx of seizures... antiarrhythmic... decreases seizure activity | Dilantin(phenytoin) |
| CNS depressant for seizures... safest form of long term anticonculsant therapy... inhibits transmission in nervous system= raising seizure threshold | phenobarbital |
| decreases synaptic transmission in the CNS by affecting the Na+ channels in neurons... used when other meds dont work | tegretol (carbamazepine) |
| increases seizure threshold- tx for absence seizures | zarontin (ethosuzimide) |
| increases levels of GABA (inhibitory neurotransmitter) in the CNS | Depakene (valproic acid) |
| unknown action- CNS depressant towards seizures | Neurontin (Gabapentin) |
| disease with loss of neurotransmitter dopamine | parkinson's |
| this disease has no diagnostic tests (cant tell on MRI) | Parkinson's |
| Levodopa/Simenet/Dopar with Carbidopa(increases effectiveness) | Penetrates BBB so need high dosage... but high side effects (orthostatic hypotension, arrthythmias) |
| This vitamin breaks down the meds for tx of parkinson's | vitamin B6 |
| Used to tx parkinson's anticholinergics by controling tremors and rigidity | Cogentin, Artane (watch for anticholinergic effects- dry mouth, urinary retention, constipation) |
| Used to tx parkinson's, helps get past BBB (assists with getting in) a dopamine agonist | Parlodel, Permax, Mirapex |
| Tx of PD, antihistamines | benadryl |
| Tx of PD, MAO inhibitor (increases activity of dopamine) | Eldepryl |
| autoimmune disease where antibodies attack the ACh receptor sites... abnormality of thymus... | Myasthenia gravis |
| The first muscles to be affected: | muscles of face, lips, eyes, neck throat (that innervated by cranial nerves. |
| ptosis, diplopia, fatigue (activity improves with rest)... | symptoms of myasthenia gravis |
| respritory distress, elevation of BP, no cough or swallow, increase in secretions, weakness... | myasthenic crisis |
| Cholenergic crisis | overmedication of myasthenia cravis, hypotension, increased salivation, sweating, difficulty swallowing, N/V/D, hypermobility (abd. cramping) |
| Guillain barre syndrome | inflammation of myelin-degeneration of peripheral nerves- weakness in lower extremities and spreads up |
| Tx of myasthenia gravis | thymectomy, plasmapheresis, thymectomyanticholinesterase and corticosteroids |
| Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis | degeneration of anterior horn cells and corticospinal tracts... death in 3-5 yrs. |
| ALS sx... | fatigue while talking, muscle atrophy and weakenss, difficulty breathing, only cognitive functions left. |
| Med for ALS | Riluzole (rilutek) |
| demyelination of neurons in CNS | Multiple slerosis |
| degeneration of striatium in the basal ganglia and imbalance of neurotransmitters (increase in dopamine) | huntington's disease |
| Tx for huntington's | none available |
| Delirium is a ___________condition | reversible |
| Delirium is manifested by ________ | confusion, disorientation, LOC, hallucinations, decline in cognition, perceptual disturbance |
| Dementia is a ________________condition | irreversible |
| Sx of dementia | aphasia, apraxia (cant carry out purposeful movements), agnosia (dont recognize object) |
| What are the two types of dementia? | primary- alzheimers, untreatable, unrelated to other illnessessecondary- r/t another disease |
| Causes of AD | neurofibrillary tanglesNeuritis plaques Shrinkage and death of neurons |
| symptoms of _______ stage of ADimpaired cognition and abstract thought, restlessness and agitation, wandering, inability to carry out ADL's, impaired judgement, inappropriate social behavior, lack of insight, repetitive behavior, voracious appetite | Stage II-lasts several yrs |
| Stage___ of ADemaciation, indifference to food, inability to communicate, urinary and fecal incontinence, seizures, total loss of ability to care for self | Stage III-lasts 1-2 yrs, terminal stage |
| Stage___ of ADmemory loss/short term first, lack of spontaneity, subtle personality changes, disorientation to time and date, may forget to eat. | Stage I- lasts 2-4 yrs |
| Drug categories for AD | antidepressants, antianxiety, antipsychotics |
| Combination of these two drugs causes most effective AD therapy | Donepezil (Aricept)-binds to and inactivates acetylcholinesterase (anticholinesterase)Memantine HCL (Namenda)shields brain from overexposure of glutamate |
| Tardive dyskinesia | occurs 3 months after Tx- choreic movements due to side effects of AD and PD drugs |
Created by:
Lena_477
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