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Patient Evaluation
Electrocardiogram
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Electrocardiogram (EKG) Equipment/Oscilloscope | - provides a continuous visual image of electrical activity. |
| Electrocardiogram (EKG) Equipment/Oscilloscope | - an oscilloscope is a device that displays rapid changes in voltage as moving line on a phosphorescent screen. |
| Electrocardiogram (EKG) Equipment/Oscilloscope/Converters | - special converters can be attached to an oscilloscope so that mechanical vibrations, pressure waves, and other forms of energy can be transformed into electrical impulses and displayed. |
| Electrocardiogram (EKG) Electrocardiograph | - instrument used to for recording the electrical activity of the heart. |
| Electrocardiogram (EKG) Holter Monitor | - a portable version of an electrocardiograph that is worn under the patient clothes by the patient for 24-48 hour period to detect cardiac arrhythmias. |
| Electrocardiogram (EKG) Holter Monitor/Electrodes | - chest electrodes are connected to the monitor and cardiac activity is continually monitored while the patient goes about his usual daily activities. |
| Electrocardiogram (EKG) Holter Monitor/Electrodes/Time | - the monitor is worn for 24-48 hours continually as instructed b a physician. |
| Electrocardiogram (EKG) Holter Monitor/Electrodes/Recordings | - the recording is scanned by an electroscanner and a hard copy of ECG is produced by a physician. |
| Electrocardiogram (EKG) Holter Monitor/Electrodes/Usage | - a holter monitor is used to detect ECG abnormalities that may occur over an extended period of time. |
| Electrocardiogram (EKG) Holter Monitor/Electrodes/Evaluation | - can be used to evaluate the effectiveness of anti-arrhythmias drugs and to associate the occurrence of chest pain with stress or physical activity. |
| Electrocardiogram (EKG) Electrophysiology of the Heart/SA NODE | - the electrical impulse is generated by the SA Node (pacemaker). |
| Electrocardiogram (EKG) Electrophysiology of the Heart/ P- Wave | - the wave of depolarization moves through the atria causing contraction (P wave) |
| Electrocardiogram (EKG) Electrophysiology of the Heart/PR- Interval | - the impulse is received by the AV Node where it is delayed for a short time (PR-interval) |
| Electrocardiogram (EKG) Electrophysiology of the Heart/QRS Complex | - the stimulus is the sent through the Bundle of his, and right and left bundle branches.to Purkinjie fibers = - Ventricular depolarization and contractions = QRS Complex |
| Electrocardiogram (EKG) Electrophysiology of the Heart/T- Wave | - after a short delay (ST-segment) the heart repolarize (T-wave) |
| Electrocardiogram (EKG) ECG Electrodes/Leads | - electrodes are placed on the arms and legs = limb leads - electrodes are placed on the chest around the heart = (precordial leads) |
| Electrocardiogram (EKG) ECG Electrodes/Leads/Electrode Defined | - an object placed on the skin to conduct electric current from the body to a monitoring or measuring device. |
| Electrocardiogram (EKG) ECG Electrodes/Leads/Leads Defined | - a positive (+) and negative (-) electrode that allows electrical current to flow. |
| Electrocardiogram (EKG) ECG Electrodes/Leads/Impulse Movement Upward | - when the impulse of the heart moves toward the positive electrode = an upward defection is made on ECG paper. |
| Electrocardiogram (EKG) ECG Electrodes/Leads/Impulse Movement Downward | - movement of the impulse away from the positive electrode = a downward deflection |
| Electrocardiogram (EKG) ECG Electrodes/Leads/# of Leads | - there 12 leads used - six limb leads - six precordial leads = 10 electrodes |
| Electrocardiogram (EKG) ECG Electrodes/Leads/Limb Leads/Lead #1 | - = Left arm= (positive) - = Right arm = (negative) |
| Electrocardiogram (EKG) ECG Electrodes/Leads/Limb Leads/Lead #2 | -= left leg =( positive) - = right arm= ( negative) |
| Electrocardiogram (EKG) ECG Electrodes/Leads/Limb Leads/Lead#3 | - = left leg = (positive) - = left leg= (negative) |
| Electrocardiogram (EKG) ECG Electrodes/Leads/Limb Leads/AVR | - = right arm = (positive) - = everything else = (negative) |
| Electrocardiogram (EKG) ECG Electrodes/Leads/Limb Leads/AVL | - = left arm = (positive) - = everything else = (negative) |
| Electrocardiogram (EKG) ECG Electrodes/Leads/Limb Leads/AVF | - = left leg(foot) = (positive) - = everything else = (negative) |
| Electrocardiogram (EKG) ECG Electrodes/Leads/Limb Leads/AVR/Hint | - AVR is the only limb that produces an upside down (negative) pattern. - the electrical impulse moves downward and toward the left through the heart. - any positive electrode placed above and to the right (AVR) will show inverted pattern. |
| Electrocardiogram (EKG) Chest Electrodes | - each chest lead is positive and is placed directly over the heart in six positions around the heart. - these positions project through the heart for 3RD dimensional view |
| Electrocardiogram (EKG) Chest Electrodes/V1 | - 4th intercostal space - right side of sternum -right heart |
| Electrocardiogram (EKG) Chest Electrodes/V2 | - 4th intercostal space - left side of sternum - right heart |
| Electrocardiogram (EKG) Chest Electrodes/V3 | - between v2 and v4 - on left side - ventricular septum |
| Electrocardiogram (EKG) Chest Electrodes/V4 | - 5th intercostal space - left mid-clavicular line - ventricular septum |
| Electrocardiogram (EKG) Chest Electrodes/V5 | - between v4 and v6 - on left side - left heart |
| Electrocardiogram (EKG) Chest Electrodes/V6 | - 5th intercostal space - left mid-axillary line - left heart |
| Electrocardiogram (EKG) Interpretation/Management Abnormalities/Rate/Normal | - 60-100 bpm |
| Electrocardiogram (EKG) Interpretation/Management Abnormalities/Rate/Bradycardia | - less than 60 bpm |
| Electrocardiogram (EKG) Interpretation/Management Abnormalities/Rate/Tachycardia | - greater than 100 bpm |
| Electrocardiogram (EKG) Interpretation/Management Abnormalities/Rate/Flutter | - greater than 200 |
| Electrocardiogram (EKG) Interpretation/Management Abnormalities/Rate/Fibrillation | - too fact to count |
| Electrocardiogram (EKG) Interpretation/Management/Estimate HR/ R-wave | - the rate of an ECG can easily be estimated by counting two R-wave. |
| Electrocardiogram (EKG) Interpretation/Management/Estimate HR/ R-wave/3-5box | - if the two R-wave are between 3 and 5 boxes - = the rate is normal 60-100 |
| Electrocardiogram (EKG) Interpretation/Management/Estimate HR/ R-wave/3-5box/Close | - if the two R- wave are closer than 3 boxes (15 small squares) = the rate is greater than 100 = Tachycardia |
| Electrocardiogram (EKG) Interpretation/Management/Estimate HR/ R-wave/3-5box/Wider | - if the R-wave are wider than 5 boxes(25 small squares) = the rate is less than 60 = Bradycardia |
| Electrocardiogram (EKG) Interpretation/Management/Estimate HR/Formula | - HR = 300/#of large boxes or 1500/# of small boxes |
| Electrocardiogram (EKG) Interpretation/Management/Estimate HR/ Formula/Example | - R-wave between 4 large boxes 300/4 = 75bpm = normal |
| Electrocardiogram (EKG) Interpretation/Management/Normal Sinus Rhythm(NSR) | - normal rate - no skips - no extra beats =( No treatment) |
| Electrocardiogram (EKG) Interpretation/Management/Arrhythmias/Sinus Arrhythmia | - Sinus arrhythmia with irregular rate - (Treatment) = any other symptoms |
| Electrocardiogram (EKG) Interpretation/Management/Arrhythmias/Sinus Tachycardia | - sinus rhythm with rate greater than 100bpm - Treatment = Oxygen |
| Electrocardiogram (EKG) Interpretation/Management/Arrhythmias/Sinus Bradycardia | - sinus rhythm with rate less than 60 bpm - Treatment = Oxygen = Atropine |
| Electrocardiogram (EKG) Interpretation/Management/Arrhythmias/Premature Ventricular Contractions (PVC) | - (PVC) - Treatment = Oxygen = Lidocaine |
| Electrocardiogram (EKG) Interpretation/Management/Arrhythmias/Multifocal Premature Ventricular Contractions | - PVC - Treatment =Oxygen =Lidocaine |
| Electrocardiogram (EKG) Interpretation/Management/Arrhythmias/Ventricular Tachycardia | - ventricular rhythm with rate greater 100 bpm - Treatment = (No Pulse) = Defibrillate = (Pulse) = Lidocaine & Cardiovert |
| Electrocardiogram (EKG) Interpretation/Management/Arrhythmias/Ventricular fibrillation | - V-fib completely irregular = Treatment = Defibrillate |
| Electrocardiogram (EKG) Interpretation/Management/Arrhythmias/Asystole | - Treatment = confirm in 2 leads = Epinephrine = Atropine = CPR |
| Electrocardiogram (EKG) Interpretation/Management/Heart Blocks/1st Degree | - PR- interval greater than .20 secs (measured from beginning of P- wave to beginning QRS) - sign of ischemia or digitals - Treatment = Atropine |
| Electrocardiogram (EKG) Interpretation/Management/Arrhythmias/2nd Degree | - irregular rhythm - normal P-wave - QRS complex is missing - Treatment = Atropine = Pacemaker |
| Electrocardiogram (EKG) Interpretation/Management/Arrhythmias/3rd Degree | - atrial rate = greater 60 bpm - ventricular rate = less than 40 - PR Interval = can't be determined - QRS complex = will be widened -Treatment = electrical pacemaker |
| Electrocardiogram (EKG) Interpretation/Management/Axis/Defined | - the axis of an ECG measures the net direction of all the electricity through the heart during contraction. |
| Electrocardiogram (EKG) Interpretation/Management/Axis/Movement | - the electrical impulse begins in upper right corner. (SA NODE) the right atria - which moves down and across the heart to the left. |
| Electrocardiogram (EKG) Interpretation/Management/Axis/Direction | - normal axis = down and to the left |
| Electrocardiogram (EKG) Interpretation/Management/Axis/2 Factors | - two factors - hypertrophy - infarction |
| Electrocardiogram (EKG) Interpretation/Management/Axis/2 Factors/Hypertrophy | - increases electrical activity - axis will shift toward hypertrophy |
| Electrocardiogram (EKG) Interpretation/Management/Axis/2 Factors/Infarction | - dead tissue |
| Electrocardiogram (EKG) Interpretation/Management/Axis/Ischemia | - reduced blood flow to tissue -( ECG ) indicated by depressed T- wave |
| Electrocardiogram (EKG) Interpretation/Management/Axis/Injury | - acute damage tissue - (ECG) elevated ST- segment |
| Electrocardiogram (EKG) Interpretation/Management/Axis/Infarction | - necrosis or death of tissue - end result of ischemia and injury - may be recent or old - significant Q-wave |
| Electrocardiogram (EKG) Interpretation/Management/Axis/Q-wave Significance | - 1/2 the height of R-Wave - Q-Waves( 1) small square (0.04mm) |
| Electrocardiogram (EKG) Interpretation/Management/Axis/Hyperkalemia | - will cause elevated or spiked T-waves |
| Electrocardiogram (EKG) Interpretation/Management/12 Lead ECG/ Normal Charact.(AVR) | - aVR- V1 leads = predominately negative QRS complex. |
| Electrocardiogram (EKG) Interpretation/Management/12 Lead ECG/ Normal Charact.(T-Wave) | - T-wave = upright (positive) in leads 1 & 2 |
| Electrocardiogram (EKG) Interpretation/Management/12 Lead ECG/ Normal Charact.(R-Wave) | - R- Wave in V1 = small and increase in each chest lead as you approach V5 |
Created by:
sukar
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