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Thermal Energy
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| energy | the ability to cause change |
| temperature | the measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles of an object |
| thermal energy | the total kinetic energy of an object |
| heat | energy that is transferred between objects due to a temperature difference |
| specific heat | the amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of 1 kg of that material by 1 degree celcius |
| density | the mass per unit volume of a substance |
| conduction | the transfer of thermal energy by collisions between particles (from molecule to molecule) |
| convection | the transfer of thermal energy in a fluid (gas or liquid) by the movements of warmer and cooler fluids. |
| radiation | the transfer of energy by waves (i.e. light waves) |
| thermal insulator | a material that thermal energy moves through very slowly |
| mechanical energy | the sum of the potential and kinetic energy in a system of objects |
| solar collector | a device that transforms radiant energy from the sun into thermal energy |
| thermodynamics | the study of the relationships between thermal energy, heat and work. |
| 1st law of thermodynamics | heat is a form of energy and under the law of conservation of energy, heat energy cannot be created or destroyed. |
| second law of thermodynamics | energy spreads from regions of higher concentration to areas of lower concentration. Entropy increases. |
| heat engine | a device that converts some thermal energy into mechanical energy |
| internal combustion engine | a heat engine that burns fuel inside a set of cylinders |
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