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Chp. 19 Space

(Science)

QuestionAnswer
Rotation the spinning of the Earth on its axis; causes day and night; takes 24 hours to rotate once
Revolution one complete orbit of Earth around the sun; one year
Orbit the path the Earth follows around the sun and the moon around the Earth. It is elliptical shaped.
Seasons result because the tilt of the Earth as it orbits the sun
Solstices when the sun is farthest north or south of the equator
Equinox occurs when neither end of the Earth’s axis is tilted toward or away from the sun. Day and night are both 12 hours long (equal).
Gravity objects attracted to each other by force
The strength of the force of gravity depends on two factors; the masses of the objects and the distance between them.
Inertia the tendency of an object to resist change in motion
Inertia and gravity keep the Earth and moon in their orbits
Solar Eclipse sun/moon/earth
Lunar Eclipse sun/earth/moon
Umbra darkest part of a shadow
Penumbra part of a shadow that is less dark
Spring Tide sun/moon/ earth in a straight line; causes the greatest difference between high and low tides
Neap Tide sun/earth/moon at a right angle; causes the least difference between high and low tides
Craters large round pits on the moon’s surface
Maria dark flat areas on the moon’s surface
Highlands light colored features on the moon’s surface (mountains)
Moon’s Size about one fourth the Earth’s diameter
Moon’s Temperature varies from night and day because there is no atmosphere
Rocket a device that expels gas in one direction to move in the opposite direction
Thrust the reaction force that propels a rocket forward
Orbital Velocity velocity a rocket must have to establish an orbit around Earth
Escape Velocity velocity a rocket must reach to fly beyond a plant’s gravitational pull
Satellite an object that /revolves/orbits around another object in space
NASA National Aeronautics and Space Administration est. 1958
Humans in Space: Yuri Gargarin –Soviets first human in space, 1961 Alan Shepard- first American in space less than a month later John Glenn- first American to orbit Earth, 1962
The “Space Race” was between the United States and the Soviet Union. It heated up when the Soviet Union launched Sputnik I.
The American effort to land astronauts on the moon was called the Apollo program.
Space Shuttle can be used many times to carry astronauts into orbit and can land like a plane
Space Station large artificial satellite on which people can live and work for long periods of time.
Space Probes a spacecraft that carries scientific instruments that can collect data but has no human crew
Created by: s730070
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