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Constitution #1
Mr D's "The Constitututional Convention and Ratification"
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is a "constitution"? | A written plan of government |
| What is a "bill of rights"? | A list of individual freedoms |
| Where and when was the Constitutional Convention? | Philadelphia in 1787 |
| How many states sent delegates to the Constitutional Convention? | Twelve- Only Rhode Island did not send delegates |
| What role did Ben Franklin play at the Constitutional Convention? | He was the peacemaker. His sense of humor and witty stories helped to calm the atmosphere. He was also the oldest delegate there (81). |
| What role did Gouveneur Morris play at the Constitutional Convention? | He was the writer of the Constitution. He used flexible language that has enabled the Constitution to keep up with the times. |
| What role did Alexander Hamilton play at the Constitutional Convention? | He pushed the delegates to create a strong central government. Later, he co-authored the Federalist Papers with James Madison and John Jay. |
| What was Virginia's Plan of Government? | It was a plan for the government of the United States that favored states with larger populations. |
| How many branches of government did the Virginia Plan propose? | Three- legislative, executive, and judicial |
| According to the Virginia Plan, how many houses of the legislative branch did the large states favor? | Two (a bicameral legislature) |
| According to the Virginia Plan, what would a state's representation be based upon in the legislative branch? | Population- the higher the population, the more votes towards making laws a state would have |
| Who proposed the Virginia Plan? | Edmund Randolph |
| What was New Jersey's plan of government? | It was the plan for the national government that favored the states with the smaller populations. It was a response to the Virginia Plan at the Constitutional Convention. |
| Under the New Jersey Plan, how many branches of government were proposed? | Three- legislative, executive, and judicial |
| Under the New Jersey Plan, how many houses were proposed for the legislative branch? | One (a unicameral legislature) |
| Under the New Jersey Plan, what would the representation of each state be based upon? | All states would have the same number of representatives and votes towards making laws regardless of population. They would be equals! |
| Who proposed the New Jersey Plan? | William Patterson of New Jersey |
| What is a "compromise"? | An agreement in which both sides give in a little to reach an agreement |
| Who proposed the "Great Compromise"? | Roger Sherman of Connecticut. The Great Compromise is also sometimes referred to as the Connecticut Plan. |
| How did the Great Compromise organize the national government? | There would be three branches of government- legislative, executive, and judicial. There would be a bicameral legislature with the upper house (Senate)having two senators/state and a lower house (House of Representatives) based on state population. |
| What was the Three-Fifths Compromise? | It was an agreement that settled differences between the north and south on the counting of slaves for population purposes. Every five slaves would be counted as three people towards a state's population. |
| Why was counting slaves an issue at the Constitutional Convention? | The south wanted slaves to be counted towards population and the north did not. A state's population count would determine the number of votes it would have in the House of Representatives. |
| What was the compromise regarding the importation of slaves? | The Slave Trade Compromise- The north and the south agreed that the issue of importing slaves would not be brought up in congress for 20 years. |
| What is the job of the legislative branch? | Congress passes the laws |
| What is the job of the executive branch? | The President, Vice President, the Cabinet, and the departments enforce or carry out the laws |
| What is the job of the Judicial Branch/ | The Supreme Court and the lower federal courts interpret the meaning of the laws. |
| What does the term "federalism" mean? | Federalism is the division or sharing of power between the state and national governments. The states wanted to keep some of the power for themselves and feared having a central government that was too strong. |
| What does the term 'popular sovereignty" mean? | The political authority belongs to the people. |
| What is the principle of "checks and balances"? | Checks and balances are the system which keeps any branch of government from becoming too powerful. (ex. The President can veto a bill passed by Congress) |
| What is a "unicameral legislature"? | A one-house legislature as proposed under the New Jersey Plan |
| What is a "bicameral legislature" | A two-house legislature. Congress is a two-house legislature (The Senate and the House of Representatives) The state of New York also has a bicameral legislature (The State Senate and the State Assembly) |
| What is an "amendment"? | A change or an addition to the Constitution |
| What does the term "ratify" mean? | to approve |
| What is the "Bill of Rights"? | The Bill of Rights is a list of freedoms. They were the first ten amendments added to the Constitution in 1791. |
| Who were the "Federalists"? | They were the supporters of ratification of the Constitution |
| Who were the Antifederalists"? | They were against the ratification of the Constitution. They feared it gave the national government too much power and there was no Bill of Rights. |
| What was the ratification process for the Constitution? | After the Constitutional Convention adjourned, the Constitution was sent to each of the states for a vote of approval. When nine of the 13 states voted to ratify it, the Constitution would take effect and replace the Articles of Confederation. |
| What were the "Federalist Papers"? | They were anonymous paper written in support of ratification of the Constitution under the name of Publius. they were actually written by Alexander Hamilton, John Jay, and James Madison |
| Where is the Bill of Rights located in the Constitution? | They were the first ten amendments added to the Constitution. |
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rdewald
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