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pharm

cardio/blood/CNS/respiratory

QuestionAnswer
Hydrochlorothiazide thiazide diuretic works at loop of henle to tx heart failure & htn; leads to decreased bl volume and increased CO
Metoprolol beta1-blocker used to tx heart failure, angina, & htn; inhibits SNS response through decreased renin release & decreased heart rate
Losartan Angiotensin II Receptor Blocker (ARB) to tx htn & HR; inhibits Ang II from binding @ receptor site, decreased pre & afterload
Enalapril Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitor (ACEI) to tx HF & htn; blocks Ang I from converting to Ang II, leads to decreased afterload and preload and increased CO
Warfarin anticoagulant; inhibits Vitamin K epoxide reductase in the liver; VitK must become oxidized to put carboxyl group on clotting factors
Streptokinase thrombolytic agent; forms stable complex with plasminogen (by aiding TPA (tissue plasminogen activator)) to convert to plasmin
Aminocaproic Acid antifibrinolytic; inactivates TPA so plasminogen doesn't convert to plasmin & doesn't dissolve clot; antidote to heparin
Diazepam Benzodiazepine, binds to GABA receptors to potentiate effects-more frequent Cl- channels opening, hyperpolarization-IPSP, inside the cell more negative
Cholestyramine Bile acid sequestrant/resin; increases excretion of cholesterol & decreased circulating cholesterol levels; forms insoluble complex c bile acid & salts, preventing resorption
Niacin antihyperlipidemic; decreased VLDL & increased HDL leveles; inhibits lipolysis of triglycerol, which decreases circulating fatty acid levels; these FAs are needed to synthesize triglyc., which are required for VLDL
Gemfibrozil Fibrate; more helpful to increase triglyc levels; allows lipoprotein lipase to hydrolyze chylomicrions & VLDL more efficiently, lowering circulating levels
atorvastatin HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitor; inhibits synthesis of more LDL receptors so more LDLs can be removed
Dextromethorphan anti-inflammatory agent to treat coughs; symptomatic reliever
Diphonhydramine antihistamine to tx allergic rhinitis; H-1 histamine receptor blocker; SE-drowsiness
Loratidine H-1 histamine receptor blocker to tx allergic rhinitis; more selective, fewer side effects
Oxymetazoline Alpha-1 adrenergic agonist to tx allergic rhinitis; often as aerosol to limit systemic effects
Albuterol Beta-2 adrenergic agonist to tx asthma, COPD; competitive
Beclomethasone adrenal corticosteroid/glucocorticoid block bronchoconstriction, inflammatory response and chemoattractant factors from mast cells; inhibits transcription of a gene
Clozapine atypical neuroleptic, acts at DA, 5-HT, histamine receptors blocked
Chloropromazine typical neuroleptic; inhibits DA, Ach, alpha adrenergic, & histamine pathways; EPS's, Reversible: dystonia, akathisia, pseudoparkinsonism; Irreversible: tardive dyskinesia
Lithium salt antidepressant; for bipolar, involves disruption of PIP2 2nd messenger system
Phenelzine MAOI; blocks MAO enzyme that metabolizes neurotransmitters NE, epi, DA, & 5-HT
Imipramine tricyclic antidepressant; inhibits reuptake of 5-HT & NE, alpha adren, histamine, & muscarinic receptors; Anticholinergic SEs: blurred vision, confusion, mydriasis, constipation, urinary retention
Fluoxetine SSRI; inhibits reuptake of 5-HT so there's more 5-HT in the synapse
Methylphenidate psychomotor stimulant to tx ADHD, similar mechanism of action as amphetamine, more neurotransmitters released
Caffeine psychomotor stimulant; blackade of adenosine receptor; used c ADD/ADHD
Phenobarbital barbiturate; increased GABA effects from prolonged duration of Cl- channel opening; SE: addiction, drowsy, nausea, vertigo, tremors, enzyme induction
Digoxin cardiac glycoside; inotropic agents; increased cytoplasmic ca+ concentration: slows and strengthens heart
Hydralazine direct acting vasodilator to tx htn & HF
Milrinone inotropic agent; phosphodiesterase inhibitor to tx HF; blocks Na/Ca ATPase pump, inhibits cAMP's breakdown which would activate protein kinase to open Ca channel
Clonidine alpha-2 agonist used to tx htn; diminishes sympathetic outflow from CNS
alpha-methyldopa alpha-2 agonist used to tx htn
Atenolol beta-1 blocker to tx htn, HF, angina; SE: hypotension, bradycardia, fatigue, insomnia, sexual dysfunction
Spironolactone aldosterone antagonist; potassium sparing diuretic to tx HF & htn
Furosemide loop diuretic blocks Na & Cl resorption; to tx HF & htn
Nifedipine Ca Channel Blocker to tx htn & angina; potenet @ coronary & peripheral vasculature
Nitroglycerin Organic nitrate to tx angina; causes increase of cGMP (2nd messenger) which dephosphorylates myosin & relaxes coronary smooth muscle; decreased pre & afterload
Propranolol non selective beta blocker for angina, HF, & htn
alcohol GABA effects: sedation -->hypnosis-->coma
Heparin anticoagulant; binds to antithrombin III, changes confirmation, & increase rate of action to inactivate clotting factors
Ticlopidine platelet inhibitor; blocks ADP receptor on plasma which stops Ca from binding and allowing GP IIb/IIIa from binding c fibrin
ASA platelet inhibitor; cox-1 inhibitor, prevents TXA2 synthesis b/c competes for active site
Abciximab platelet inhibitor; blocks GPIIb/IIIa receptor from allowing fibrin to bind the plamsa cell to other cells
What does undamaged tissue signal? prostacyclin & nitric oxide which inhibit platelet aggregation; thrombin & thromboxase are low in the blood
What do platelet receptors do? Bind thrombin, thromboxane, exposed collagen; platelets are activated when the receptors are bound
What reactions occur c platelet activation? platelets change shape, release granules: ADP, TXA2, 5-HT, PAF, thrombin; they bind to receptors, aggregation occurs due to increased Ca2+ levels
What's the mechanism of platelet aggregation? Increased ca2+ causes more granules to be released, TXA2 to be synthesized, GP IIb/IIIa receptors activated & bind fibrinogen (thrombin activates fibrinogen to form fibrin)
Prazosin alpha-1 antagonist; to tx htn; decreases PVR
Dobutamine inotropic agent to tx HF
Created by: rlvander
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