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Unit 9 SOL Review
1920s & 1930s
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Fireside Chats | A Presidential address to the nation designed to build confidence in the President's policies. Begun by President Franklin D. Roosevelt on March 12, 1933, speaking to the nation by radio shortly after his inauguration, in during the Great Depression. |
| Darwin’s Theory | Charles Darwin’s developed a theory of evolution: species evolve as the fittest members survive and pass their traits on to future generations. His theory of evolution was attacked by those who felt it was contrary to the teachings of the Bible. |
| Scopes Trial | "Monkey Trial" in Dayton, Tenn. John T. Scopes, a high-school teacher, was charged with teaching Charles Darwin's theory of evolution, which violated a state law prohibiting the teaching of any doctrine that denied the divine creation of humans |
| Flappers | A young woman, especially one in the 1920s who showed dislike for conventional dress and behavior. Usually, smoke, drank, danced, wore their hair short and dressed in short dresses. |
| Bankruptcies | Act in a federal court in which an person who cannot pay back their debts have their assets (property or anything of monetary value) are liquidated (sold to someone else) and the debtor is not responsible for any of their debt. |
| Stock | opportunity to invest money and buy a percentage of a company in order to SHARE IN THE COMPANY’s profit |
| Investments | In finance, the purchase of a financial product or other item of value with an expectation of favorable future returns. In general terms, investment means the use money in the hope of making more money. |
| Share | A piece of stock the more money a person invests, the more shares of stock he owns; the more shares he owns, the more profit he makes |
| Stock market | an organization through which people can buy and sell shares of stock in corporations |
| Speculators | people willing to take a risk in the stock market with the hope of making a large profit |
| Speculation | involvement in a risky business transaction in an effort to make a quick or large profit |
| Credit | borrowing money to spend & paying it back over time |
| “Buying on margin” | paying a small percentage of a stock’s price in cash and borrowing the rest |
| The Federal Reserve | The Federal Reserve Banks are also responsible for supervising member banks in their areas, and are involved in the setting of national monetary policy by setting prime interest rates. |
| Money supply contraction | Downward turn in business cycle when there is not enough money being spent by consumers. Typically, unemployment increases, bankruptcies increase, and consumers are scared to invest. This can lead to a depression. |
| Depression | a period of drastic decline in business activity accompanied by high unemployment |
| Foreclosures | The legal process by which an owner's right to a property is terminated, usually due to not being able to pay loan. Typically involves a forced sale of the property at public auction, with the proceeds being applied to the mortgage debt. |
| Hawley-Smoot Act | the highest tariff on imported goods in American history; also known as the Tariff Act of 1930; caused Europe to raise their own tariffs in retaliation and international trade came to a virtual standstill. |
| Works Progress Administration (WPA). | the administration of President Franklin Delano Roosevelt that changed the U.S. government’s role to be more involved in solving the problems of citizens in response to the Great Depression |
| Agricultural Adjustment Administration (AAA) | Recovery programs were designed to bring nation out of depression over time by paying farmers not to overproduce which would stabilize the market. |
| Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) | Reform measures corrected unsound banking and investment practices by making commercial banks deposit a percentage of money collected into the Federal Bank. Ensured that people would get up to $100,000 of their deposited money back if the bank failed. |
| Social Security Act | Act in the New Deal that offered safeguards for workers such as disability insurance & retirement payments. |
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