Save
Busy. Please wait.
Log in with Clever
or

show password
Forgot Password?

Don't have an account?  Sign up 
Sign up using Clever
or

Username is available taken
show password


Make sure to remember your password. If you forget it there is no way for StudyStack to send you a reset link. You would need to create a new account.
Your email address is only used to allow you to reset your password. See our Privacy Policy and Terms of Service.


Already a StudyStack user? Log In

Reset Password
Enter the associated with your account, and we'll email you a link to reset your password.
focusNode
Didn't know it?
click below
 
Knew it?
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.

  Normal Size     Small Size show me how

BIOL Exam II - Ex 10

Comparative Anatomy

QuestionAnswer
What did you do in this exercise? - Observe the external/internal structures of a crayfish - - Observe the external/internal structures of a rat - Study anatomical differences between male and female rats and crayfish
What anatomical plane is similar to a cross section? transverse plane
Crayfish are placed in the phylum ___. arthropoda
Rats are placed in the phylum ___. chordata
The heart and arteries of the crayfish will be red in color because they ___. have been injected with red latex
The gills are located under the ___. carapace
The position of the esophagus is ___ to the trachea. dorsal
How is the uterus in the female rat different from that of humans? the rat's uterus consists of a pair of elongated uterine horns
What is the site of nutrient and mineral absorption in the rat? small intestine
The rat and crayfish carcasses and any dissected parts are considered to be a(n) ___ and should be most safely discarded ___. - biohazard - in the "animal carcass disposal" container
Is a crayfish a deuterostome or protostome? Why? - a protostome; its mouth forms first - it is an arthropod
What is an arthropod? - an invertebrate animal having an exoskeleton, a segmented body, and jointed appendages - form the phylum Arthropoda, and include the insects, arachnids, myriapods, and crustaceans
How are the bodies of crayfish divided up? How many segments are in them? - into two major body regions: the (anterior) cephalothorax and the (posterior) abdomen - the cephalothorax is made up of 14 body segments - the abdomen is made up of 6 body segments
What’s carapace? Where is it located? Function? - hard portion of the exoskeleton - covers the dorsal surface of the cephalothorax - protection
What is the purpose of the antennas? Antennules? - sense other organisms - sense other organisms and help balance the crayfish
What does ommatidia mean? - the compound eyes of arthropods like insects, crustaceans and millipedes are composed of units called ommatidia - an ommatidium contains a cluster of photoreceptor cells surrounded by support cells and pigment cells; appear hexagonal
Why does the structure/location of the mandibles make sense? What are maxillipeds? - the mandibles cover the mouth; they bite food into bits small enough to swallow - maxillipeds hold food, touch, and taste
How many pairs of walking legs are there? What’s the first pair called? What are they used for? - 5 - chelipeds - used for protection and for feeding
What/where is the nephridopore? - part of their excretory system (for removing nitrogenous waste); crayfish propel water from the rear to the front and out the nephridiopores - they are located ventral to the eyes
What is the difference between male and female crayfish? (Swimmerets, genital pores, and seminal receptacle.) - males: first two pairs of swimmerets are modified to deliver sperm to female crayfish; genital openings - females: have gential pores between the 2nd and 3rd pairs of legs; have a small opening (seminal receptacle) between the 4th pair of legs
What type of circulatory system does a crayfish have? Where does the blood drain to be oxygenated? Where does the heart lie? (Dorsal or ventral—think about why.) - open - heart is dorsal; in thorax - it receives blood from the body cavity and pumping it into arteries for distribution to the body; drains into sinuses; oxygenated by gills
What’s unique about the crayfish respiratory system? What’s a gill? - a gill is a respiratory organ found in many aquatic organisms that extracts dissolved oxygen from water, afterward excreting CO2 - the microscopic structure of a gill presents a large surface area to the external environment
Explain how the crayfish stomach works. - food passes through the mouth and the esophagus to the 2-chambered stomach in the thorax - 1st is the cardiac chamber; has chintinous teeth (gastric mill); mechanical digestion - 2nd is the pyloric chamber; chemical digestion
What’s the function of the green glands? - major excretory organs (like kidneys); help to filter, process and remove impurities and waste products on a daily basis - base of each antenna
What are the ganglia? swellings around the ventral nerve cord that provide relay points and connections between different neurological structures in the body
Where is the brain located in a crayfish? - in the head - anterior/cranial to the stomach
Why are cephalochordates, urochordates, and vertebrates in the same phylum? all develop notochords (spinal column in vertebrates)
What are 4 defining features of a chordate? The presence of ___ in the embryo and/or adult. - pharyngeal gill slits - dorsal hollow nerve cord that runs the length of the body, w/ projections from neurons - supportive but flexible rod, called the notochord, that runs the length of the body - segmented body and muscular post-anal tail
What defines the vertebrates? - a column of cartilaginous or bony structures called vertebrae - the cranium (skull)
What defines mammals? - insulating hair or fur - mammary glands for lactation - endothermy—they regulate their body temperatures with internally generated heat
What is a defining characteristic to animals in the order rodentia? have two continuously growing incisors in the upper and lower jaws which must be kept short by gnawing
Brown rats are nocturnal omnivores with poor vision so they must rely on smell and touch. They are also extremely social creatures that reproduce often. Try to tie these characteristics to some of the structures. - whiskers - nose - uterine horns - large testis
State the function of the following structures, and whether they belong to humans or rats: uvula, gall bladder, appendix, and cecum. - uvula: produces saliva quickly, helps with speech; humans - gall bladder: stores and concentrates bile; humans - appendix: unknown; humans - cecum: harbors microorganisms that aid in digestion, esp. with cellulose; humans and rats
The uterus of a rat is shaped differently than that of a human, how? Why are the testes so large? - uterine horns in rats; able to support multiple fetuses - 1 pear-shaped uterus in humans; best supports 1 fetus - testis large so more sperm is produced
What type of circulatory system does a rat have? What is the cavity that the heart is contained in called? - closed - thoracic/chest cavity; ventral
Know the chambers of the heart, and how blood flows in the body. Which way does blood flow in arteries? Veins? - deox. blood from the body -> right atrium -> right ventricle -> pulmonary artery -> lungs -> ox. blood to pulmonary veins -> left atrium -> left ventricle -> body - blood flows away from the heart in arteries - blood flows away from the heart in veins
What does the diaphragm do? vital to respiration: as the diaphragm contracts, the volume of the thoracic cavity increases and air is drawn into the lungs (b/c negative pressure)
Know the differences between the male and female rat. - male: large testes, penis - female: mammary glands, vulva
What’s the purpose of the liver? Why is this especially important for rats? - the liver filters and processes blood as it circulates through the body, metabolizes nutrients, detoxifies harmful substances, makes blood clotting proteins, etc. - important b/c rats eat almost anything
Where does the bile go since rats don’t have a gall bladder? - since no gall bladder, bile is less concentrated - bile collects in the ducts and passes directly to the small intestine
What’s the purpose of the large intestine? absorb water from the remaining indigestible food matter and transmit the useless waste material from the body
What is the purpose of the pancreas? - part of the digestive system and produces important enzymes and hormones that help break down foods - endocrine function because it releases juices directly into the bloodstream - exocrine function because it releases juices into ducts
What is the cecum? - large sac at the intersection of the large and small intestine - harbors microorganisms that aid in digestion
What do the kidneys do? You can follow the ___ from the kidneys to the bladder. - salt and water balance; elimination of toxic wastes - ureters
Created by: jessica.gvc
Popular Biology sets

 

 



Voices

Use these flashcards to help memorize information. Look at the large card and try to recall what is on the other side. Then click the card to flip it. If you knew the answer, click the green Know box. Otherwise, click the red Don't know box.

When you've placed seven or more cards in the Don't know box, click "retry" to try those cards again.

If you've accidentally put the card in the wrong box, just click on the card to take it out of the box.

You can also use your keyboard to move the cards as follows:

If you are logged in to your account, this website will remember which cards you know and don't know so that they are in the same box the next time you log in.

When you need a break, try one of the other activities listed below the flashcards like Matching, Snowman, or Hungry Bug. Although it may feel like you're playing a game, your brain is still making more connections with the information to help you out.

To see how well you know the information, try the Quiz or Test activity.

Pass complete!
"Know" box contains:
Time elapsed:
Retries:
restart all cards