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Respiratory
anatomy of respiratory
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the 4 sinuses | Frontal, maxillary, ethmoid, sphenoid |
| Pharynx is also called | throat |
| Eustachian tubes are for | connection to the middle ear from nosopharynx |
| larynx is also called | voice box |
| What is Epiglottis | Is leaf shaped cartilage, protect when swallowing for not to enter trachea |
| Trachea is also called | windpipe |
| How long is trachea | 5 inch to the chest |
| How is trachea protected against collapsing | C shaped cartilage rings |
| What are tiny cilia for | to make mucous (sweep mess) |
| Right bronchus is not only larger in diameter but also | more vertical in descent |
| To what is large bronchi divided | Bronchioles or alveolar ducts |
| End of alveolar tree is called | Alveoli |
| where take gas exchange place | alveoli |
| alveolus is surrounded by | blood capillary |
| Where diffusion of carbon dioxide and oxygen occurs | alveolus and blood capillary |
| what prevents alveolus from collapsing and reduces the surface tension | surfactant |
| How is called the part of the thoracic cavity which is NOT occupied by lungs | Mediastinum |
| How carbon dioxide leaves the body? | expiratoion of air from the lungs |
| Blood rich in oxigen is returned to the heart for circulation to the body via | the pulmonary veins to the left atrium |
| Surface of each lung is covered with thin, moist serous membrane called | the Visceral Pleura |
| the walls of thoracic cavity are covered with same membrane as lungs but this one is called | the Parietal Pleura |
| What kind of pressure is in pleura around the luns | negative |
| to what assist the negative pressure | keeps lungs inflated |
| Normal resp. rate is | 14 -20 |
| How many percent contains room air when inhaled? | 21% |
| what is responsible for basic rhytm and depth of resp. | medulla oblongata and pons |
| specialized recpetors that are sensitive to CO2 level, O2 levels and blood acid levels are called | chemoreceptors |
| where are chemorecpetors located | in the carotid and aortic bodies |
| Eupnea is | normal breathing |
| Dyspnea is | difficulty breathing |
| Orthopnea | person mus sit or stand in order to breath comfortably |
| Kussmaul | rapid and deep breathing |
| Cheyne | stroke - hyperpnea (dying pt) |
| What indicate flaring or nostrils | pt is struggling to breathe which is usually sign of resp. distress |
| Adventitous sounds means | abnormal sounds |
| Musical, high pitched, whistling sounds, caused by the rapid movement of air though narrowed bronchioles is called | sibilant wheezes (asthma) |
| low pitched, loud coarse, snoring sounds heard on expiration | Sonorous wheezes |
| short, discrete, interrupted crackling or bubbling sounds heard on inspiration and are cause by fluid/pus | Crackles (rhales) |
| Low pitched, grating or creaking lung sounds that occur when inflamed pleural surfaced rub together during respiration are called | pleural friction rub |
| What are the s/s of hypoxia | apprehension, anxiety, restlessness, decreased ability to concentrate, disorientation, vertigo (dizzines), pallor, cyanosis, increased pulse rate, incr. BP, incr. resp. |
| Tachypnea is | rapid breathing |
| Bradypnea is | slow breathing |
| Hyperpnea is | deep breathing (hyperventilation) |
| Hypopnea is | shallow breathing (hypovenitlation) |
| Chest roentgenogram confirms what diagnoses | pneumothorax, pulmonary edema, effusion and pneumonia |
| identify computed tomography - takes pictures of small layers of pulmonary tissue to identify pulmonary lesion, painless, noninvasive, little radiation | Chest CT scan |
| identify computed tomography - continuously obtains images, faster and more accurate images, may use contrast material | Helical/Spiral CT scan |
| identify computed tomography - uses radiographic contrast material injected into the pulmonary arteries, detects Pulmonary embolism | Pulmonary angiography (pulmonary arteriography) |
| identify computed tomography checks for the presence of pulmonary embolism, IV radiostope is given for perfusion porton of the test, for ventilation portion of the test, the pt inhales a radioact. gas that outlines the alveoli,& another photo is taken | Ventilation - perfusion scan (VQ scan) |
| What is inspiratory capacity | is the largest amount of air that can be inhaled in one breath from the resting expiratory level |
| What is performed to asses the presence and severity of disease in the lare and small airwais, obtains info on lung volume, ventilation, spirometry and gas exchange | Pulmonary function testing |
| Endoscopic procedure in which an incision is created allowing the endoscope to be passed into the upper mediastinum andfor lymph node biopsy is called | Mediastinoscopy |
| procedure for either direct or indirect visualization of the larynx, requres local or general anesthesia and exposes the vocal chords with a laryngoscope passed down over the tongue | laryngoscopy |
| performed by passing a bronchoscope into the trachea and bronchi, purposes include tissue biopsy, cytological or bacterial exam and observation for abnormalities | Bronchoscopy |
| may be done transbronially, purpose is to obtain tissue, cells or secretions for evaluation | lung biopsy |
| is the surgical peforation of the chest wall and pleural space with a needle for aspiration of fluid for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes or for the removal of a specimen for biopsy | Thoracentesis |
| What represents PaO2 | the amount of oxygen dissolved in plasma |
| what represents SaO2 | amount of oxygen bound to hemoglobin in comparison with the amount of oxygen the hemoglobin can carry |
| what represents PCO2 | is measure of the partial pressure ofCO2 in the blood |
| what represents HCO3 (bicarbonate) | is a measure of the metabolic (renal) compartment of the acid base equalibrum |
| What is respiratory acidosis | kidneys will retain increased amt of HCO3 to increase the pH |
| what is Respiratory alkalosis | kidneys will excrete increased amounts of HCO3 to lower pH |
| What is Metabolic acidosis | lungs blow of CO2 to raise the pH |
| What is metabolic alkalosis | lungs retain CO2 to lower pH |
| non invasive method providing continuous monitoring of SaO2 for assesment of gas exchange | Pulse oxymetry |
| Where u will not attach transducter | on extremity that has a BP or arterial cathether in place (these reduces blood flow) |
| What affects pulse oximetry reading? | strong light, hypthermia, hypotension and vasoconstriction |
Created by:
Lidunka25
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