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Rad Imag. 2

Ch 1-7

Question	Answer
Matter is measured in	kilograms
The fundamental building blocks of matter are	atoms and molecules
The formula ___ is the basis for the theory that led to nuclear power	E-MC^2
Electromagnetic energy includes	radiowaves, microwaves, ultraviolet, infrared, visible light, xray, gamma
A moving object has	kinetic energy
The removal of an electron from an atom is called	ionization
Ionizing radiation is capable of ___ electrons from atoms as it passes through matter	removing
Xray are forms of	electromagnetic energy
_____ exposure is the biggest source of man-made radiation	diagnostic xray
We are exposed to 20-90 mR/yr of ionizing radiation from	natural environment in the U.S.
The basic quantities measured in mechanics are	mass, length, time
Radiation exposure is measured in	grays
Today, radiology is considered a safe occupation because of elective	radiation protection
ALARA means	as low as reasonably achievable
Xray filtration is used to absorb	low energy xrays
The term atom was first used by the	Greeks
First person to describe an element as being composed of identical atoms was	John Dalton
The smallest particle that has the properties of an element is an	atom
A positively charged nucleus surrounded by negatively charged electrons in well-defined orbits is the	Bohr model of the atom
The fundamental particles of an atom are the	neutrons, protons, electrons
The chemical element is determined by the number of	protons in the atom
An atom in a normal state has an electrical charge of	zero; neutral
The binding energies or energy levels of electrons are represented by their	shells
Atoms with the same number of protons as another, but a different number of neutrons is an	isotope
When atoms of various elements combine they form	molecules
The losses or gain of one of more electrons is an	ionization
The number of electrons in an electron shell is calculated with the formula	2n^2
A neutral atom has the same number of	protons and electrons
The innermost electron shell is symbolized by the letter	K
The atomic number of an element is symbolized by the letter	Z
The atomic number equals the number of	protons in the atom
The difference between xrays and gamma rays is their	origin
The alpha particle is the least penetrating form of	particulates/particles
The properties of photons are	frequency, wavelength, velocity, and amplitude
The smallest quantity of any type of electromagnetic radiation is a	photon
The velocity of all electromagnetic radiation is	3*10^8 m/s
The rate of the rise and fall of a sine wave is called	frequency
The ___ of electromagnetic radiation is constant	velocity
If the wavelength of a beam of electromagnetic radiation increases by a factor of 2, the frequency must decrease by	half
The intensity of radiation decrease in _______ to the square of the distance of the object from the source	inverse proportion
The reduction of radiation intensity due to scattering and absorption is called	attenuation
The intensity of radiation on an object is reduced with distance because the radiation is	spread out over a greater area
If intensity of light from a flashlight is 4 millilumens (m/m) at 3 ft using the inverse square law, what will it be at 6 ft?	I millilumen
The diagnostic range of xray energy is	30-150 kVp
The energy of a photon is directly proportional to its	frequency
Xray are usually identified by their	energy (kVp)
The lowest energy range on the electromagnetic spectrum is	radiowaves
Gamma rays are produced in the	nucleus of the atom
Photons with the highest frequencies have the	shortest wavelengths
The smallest unit of electrical charge is the	electron
Electrification occurs only through the movement of	electrons only
A battery is a source of	direct current
When an electrical potential (voltage) is applied to a conductor, both a	current and a magnetic are produced
An alternating(AC) current is represented by a	sinusoidal line
A flashlight is battery operated, and is any example of using	direct current
Alternating current is produced by a	generator
Ohm's law formula is	V=IR
Electrical power is measured in	watts
Rubber and glass are ____ because they do not conduct electricity	insulators
When a group of dipoles are aligned, they create a	magnetic domain
In the United States, alternating current goes through a complete cycle every	1/60 second
The Si unit of magnetic field strength is the	tesla
Ferromagnetic material can be made magnetic when placed in an external	magnetic field
Like magnets poles _____ and unlike magnetic poles	repel; attract
Water is a _____ (type of magnetic material)	diamagnetic
The magnetic intensity of an electromagnetic is greatly increased by the addition of an	iron core
The three main parts of an xray imaging system are the	operating console, high-voltage generator, tube
The operating console contains circuits that are	low voltage only
Variation in power distribution to xray machine are corrected by	line voltage compensators
The first component in the xray circuit is the	autotransformer
The autotransformer has	one winding
The ____ circuit provides electrons for the xray tube.	filament
The most accurate type of times is the	electronic timer
The automatic exposure control (AEC) terminates the exposure when sufficient radiation reaches the	image receptor
The step up transformer increases voltage	500-1000 times
A diode allows electrons to flow from	cathode to anode
With half-wave rectification the current flows through the xray tube during the _____ part of the cycle	positive
Full-wave rectified, three-phase units provide an xray beam at ___ pulses per second	360
Voltage across the xray tube is most constant with	high voltage generators
Most mammography units operate with	high frequency generators
A single-phase waveform has ______ ripple	100%
The principle disadvantage of three-phase equipment is	cost
The xray generator with the lowest power rating is the _____ imaging system	single phase
The most widely used support structure of the xray tube is the	ceiling support system
_____ coating within the tube can cause arcing	tungsten
The negative side of the xray tube is the	cathode
The cathode holds the	filament
The most common cause of tube failure is	tungsten vaporization
The filament is made of	tungsten
_____ emission at the filament creates a space charge	thermonic
The ___ motor works by electromagnetic induction to turn the anode	stator
When electron bombard the target ___ of their energy is converted to heat.	99%
The target of the rotating anode is usually coated with a	tungsten alloy
The ___ is the source of radiation in the xray tube	focal spot
The size of the effective ___ decreases as the target angle decreases	focal spot
High capacity tube rotors revolve at	10,000 rpm
The heel effect causes xray intensity to be greater on the ___side of the tube	cathode
The ___ side of the tube should be over the thicker part of the patient because of the heel node effect	cathode
Tube ____ can occur from long exposures	failure
The stators are ___ the glass envelope	outside
___ or ___ radiation is produced from rebounding electrons	extrafocus; off-focus
The heel is caused by the ___ of the anode	angle
The effective focal spot size is smaller than the	actual focal spot
Localized ___ on the anode target can occur from a single excessive exposure	pitting
Projectile electrons travel from the filament to the	anode
During an exposure, most of the kinetic energy of the projectile electrons is converted to	heat
the production of heat at the anode is directly proportional to	tube current
The efficiency of xray production increases as kVp	increases
Approximately ___ of kinetic energy of the electrons is converted to xrays at the target	1%
Electrons interaction at the inner-shell of the target atoms produce	characteristic radiation
The useful characteristic xrays from tungsten are	k shell xrays
Characteristic K-shell xrays have an effective energy of	57 keV
Most of the xrays produced at the target are	bremsstrahlung
At 55kVp ___ of the xrays produced are bremsstrahlung	100%
Bremsstrahlung xrays are produced by slowing electrons at the	nucleus
Characteristic xrays are produced by released binding	energy
The amplitude of the emission spectrum is lower with a ___ generator than with a three-phase generator	single phase
A 15% increasing kVp is equivalent to doubling the	mAs

Created by: 10153696170312934

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