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Pharm
Antibacterial drugs
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Classification of antibacterial drugs | -chemical or therapeutic properties (aminoglycosides, B-lactams, sulfonamides); -mechanism of action (cell wall inhibitor, protein synthesis inhibitor); antibiotic or antimicrobial |
antibiotic | many are naturally occurring; substance produced by a microorganism that kills other organisms |
antimicrobial | obtained by chemical synthesis |
gram positive bacteria | many peptidoglycan strands, no outer layer |
gram negative bacteria | few peptidoglycan strands, outer membrane of lipopolysaccharide phospholipids, porins, followed by b-lactamase enzymes in perplasmic space |
Antibiotics | goal of therapy is the disrupt the life cycle of invading microorganisms; bacteriocidal (increased death of bacteria) and bacteriostatic (inhibition of bacterial growth) |
PENICILLIN G | acts by attaching to the PBP (penicillin binding proteins) at the active site, interfering c synthesis of mucopeptides which make cell wall |
bacterial resistance to penicillin | resistant bacteria have enzyme beta-lactamase; b-lactam ring brocken-->inactivates penicillin |
Adverse effects of penicillin | *allergic reaction *diarrhea *nephritis *neurotoxicity *hemotologic toxicities *cation toxicity (Na & K) |
CEFOTOXAMINE | cephalosporins-similar to cillins; broad-spectrum 3rd generation, binds to PBP on cell walls, inhibits 3rd and final stage of cell wall synthesis; used for gram - infections and for ppl who can't tolerate cillins |
VANCOMYCIN | to tx MRSA, interferes c early step of cell wall synthesis; SE-flushing, hypotension, rash on upper body, nephrotixicity and ototoxicity, allergic reactions, anaphylaxis |