Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
3802 #3
Inflammation and Infection
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The following statement reflects the current trend in the directives from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) for minimizing risks of infection? | Keep all drainage tubing below the level of the waist and/or site of insertion |
| For which airborne disease(s) would the nurse be required to use gloves, respiratory devices, and gown when in close contact with the client? | Chicken pox, pulmonary TB |
| Before the nurse washes the hands when leaving an isolation room, what is the last thing that is removed? | Goggles |
| How many inches around the border of a sterile field is considered unsterile? | 1 in around the border should be considered to be the barrier between the sterile field and under the table |
| When transferring a sterile item to a sterile field, the nurse should: | Open the package by peeling back the cover w/o touching the inner package & drop the item w/in the sterile field w/o touching the 1 in border |
| The following statement comparing a surgical scrub with a regular hand-washing session is correct? | The fingers are held down to rinse in routine hand-washing but are held above the elbow when performing a surgical scrub |
| What part of a sterile glove is considered contaminated once the glove is applied by the open gloving method? | Then inner cuff of each glove |
| Term used for infections acquired at a hospital, often transmitted by health care workers | Nosocomial infections |
| Microorganisms typically present in certain parts of the body that help the individual to resist infection by releasing antibacterial substances and inhibiting multiplication of pathogens | Normal Flora |
| Defense mechanism that promotes healing and repairs body cells | Inflammatory response |
| Clean technique used to reduce and prevent spread of microorganisms | medical asepsis |
| Hospital-acquired infections caused by diagnostic or therapeutic procedures | Iatrongenic infection |
| If a microorganism is present or invades a host, grows and/or multiplies but does not cause infection, this is referred to as | Colonization |
| Permanent residents of the skin, where they survive and multiply w/o causing illness | Resident organisms (normal flora) |
| The potential for microorganisms to causes disease depends on the following factors: | - Sufficient number of organisms (dose) - Virulence, or ability to survive in the host or outside the body - Ability to enter and survive in the host - Susceptibility of the host (host resistance) |
| A place where a pathogen can survive, but may or may not mulitiply | Reservoir |
| The most common reservoir is the ____ | Human body |
| Persons who show no symptoms of illness but who have pathogens on or in their bodies that can be transferred to others | Carriers |
| Hep B can be transferred through: | - Blood - Sexual contact |
| To thrive, organisms require a proper environment to include: | - Food - Oxygen - Water - Temperature - pH - light (microorganisms prefer dark) |
| Bacterial in general thrive in urine with an | Alkaline pH 7.45 or above |
| Most organisms cannot survive the acidity of the | Stomach PH 1-2 |
| Acid-reducing medications such as antacids and H2 blockers may cause | Overgrowth of GI organisms, which can contribute to health-care associated pneumonia |
| The presence of purulent drainage is a | Potential portal of exit |
| The major route of transmission for pathogens identified in the health care setting is the | Unwashed hands of the health care worker |
| Factors that increase a person’s susceptibility | - Age - Nutritional status - Presence of chronic disease - Trauma - Smoking |
| Organisms with resistance to key antibiotics are becoming more common in | Acute care |
| The severity of the pts illness depends on | - Extent of infection - Pathogenicity of microorganisms - Dose of organism - Susceptibility of the host |
| If a pt experiences pain, tenderness, redness at a wound site would, this would indicate what type of infection | Localized |
| An infection that affects the entire body instead of just a single organ or part is known as ____ and can become fatal if undetected and untreated | Systemic infection |
| The nurse is responsible for the following when caring for a pt with an infection | - Administering antibiotics - Monitoring the response to drug therapy - Using proper hand hygiene - Apply standard precautions |
| A protective reaction that serves to neutralize pathogens and repair body cells | Inflammatory response |
| The use of broad spectrum antibiotics for the tx of infection can lead to | Suprainfection (the wipe out of all organisms including normal flora which allows for disease-producting microorganisms to multiply and cause illness) |
| The body’s cellular response to injury, infection or irritation is termed | inflammation |
| Normal values and function of WBCs | 5000-10,000/mm3 Increased in acute infection, decreased in certain viral or overwhelmed infections |
| Normal values and functions of neutrophils | 55-70% of WBC count increased in acute suppurative (pus forming) infection, decreased in overwhelming bacterial infection (older adult) |
| Normal values and functions of lymphocytes | 20-40% of WBC count increased in chronic bacterial and viral infection, decreased in sepsis |
| Normal values and functions of monocytes | 5-10% of WBC count increased in protozoan, rickettsial, and TB infections |
| Normal values and functions of eosinophils | 1-4% of WBC count increased in parasitic infection |
| Normal values and functions of basophils | 0-1% of WBC count normal during infection |
| What is meant by shift to the left? | the term "shift to the left" means that the bands or stabs have increased, indicating an infection in progress. |
| Leukopenia indicatates | is a decrease in the number of circulating white blood cells (leukocytes) in the blood. As the principal function of white cells is to combat infection, a decrease in the number of these cells can place patients at increased risk for infection. |
| leukocytosis indicates | Leukocytosis is a raised white blood cell count above the normal range. This increase in leukocytes (primarily neutrophils) is usually accompanied by a "left shift" in the ratio of immature to mature neutrophils. |
| The presence of bands indicate | acute infection |
| The presence of monocytes indicate | chronic infection monocytes circulate in blood for 1-3 days and move into tissues where they can stay for weeks |
| What are two main functions of monocytes | - replenish resident macrophages and dendritic cells under normal states - respond to inflammation within 8-12 hours to sites of infection in the tissues and divide/differentiate into macrophages and dendritic cells to elicit an immune response. |
| What is the difference between neutrophils and monocytes in relation to infection? | neutrophils indicate acute infections monocytes indicate chronic infections |
| Signs if inflammation include: | - swelling - redness- hyperemia - heat - pain/tenderness -loss of function "--itis" - pain |
| What is hyperemia? | an increase in blood flow to a tissue due to the presence of metabolites and a change in general conditions (causes redness at the site) |
| What are the stages of inflammatory response? | - vascular and cellular -inflammatory exudates -inflammatory exudates -tissue repair |
| What are exudates? | any fluids that filter from the circulatory system into lesions or areas of inflammation ex. pus,purulent |
| What are three ways to contract nosocomial infections? | - iatrogenic - exogenous - endogenous |
| Characteristics of medical asepsis | - clean technique - reduces presence of microorganisms - prevents spread from place to person or person to person |
| What is the second most common site for nosocomial infections? | surgical wounds |
| Most common site for nosocomial infections? | urinary tract 40% |
| Shift to the left is an indication of the presence of ____ | bands |
| Name the components present in WBCs | - neutrophil -lymphocytes -monocytes -eosinophils -basophils |
| What is the normal count for RBCs | Men |
| What is the normal count for RBCs | Men 4.7- 6.1 Women 4.2-5.4 |
| What is the normal platelet count? | In an adult, a normal count is about 150,000 to 450,000 platelets per microliter (x 10–6/Liter) of blood. |
| T or F Inflammation can be caused by nonliving agents such as heat or trauma | True |
| T or F Inflammation is always present with infection, but infection is not always present with inflammation | True |
| __________ establishes an environment for healing | Inflammation |
| altered lab values and positive cultures could indicate the presence of an ________ | Infection |
| T or F Inflammation involves invasion of tissue or cells by microorganisms | F- Infection |
| Would an infection of the blood indicate a local or systemic infection? | systemic |
| Would an infection in a wound indicate a local or systemic infection? | local |
| List signs and symptoms of infection | - purulent drainage - redness at site - inflammation - odorous - pt is lethargic/ fatigued - pain/tenderness at site - fever - altered CBC results - positive cultures |
| T or F Due to reduced immune and inflammatory response, elderly adults will not display typical signs and symptoms of an infection | True |
| Should a physician order a broad spectrum antibiotic for a suspected infection while waiting for culture reports? | Yes, typically a physician will order a broad spectrum antibiotic based on signs and symptoms |
| The following characteristics indicate which type of inflammation: chronic or acute - heals in 2-3 wks - no residual damage - neutrophils are predominant | Acute Inflammation |
| The following characteristics indicate which type of inflammation: chronic or acute - last for weeks, month, or years - persistence= injured tissues - predominant cells are lymphs, macrophages - debilition leads to decreased immunity | Chronic Inflammation |
| T or F rheumatoid arthritis and TB are examples of acute inflammation | False- chronic inflammation |
| T or F Subacute inflammation is basically the same as Acute inflammation, except it doesn't last as long | False- lasts longer ex endocarditis |
| _______ and _______ cells are present in chronic inflammation | lymphs and macrophages |
| ______ cells are present in acute inflammation | neutrophils |
| List the six factors related to the Chain of Infection | 1. infectious agents 2. reservoirs 3. portals of entry 4. modes of transmission 5. portal of entry 6. host |
| The most common mode of transmission is ____ | contact |
| To prevent nosocomial infection in a patient with a foley, you prevent ____ flow. | retrograde |
| T or F Medical asepsis prevents spread of microorganisms from person to person | True |
| T or F Sterile technique only reduces microorganisms, pathogens, spores | False- it eliminates them |
Created by:
Black88cat
Popular Nursing sets